Threshold dose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal.[1] At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose induces an increase in the percentage of biological responses.[2] Several benchmarks have been established to describe the effects of a particular dose of drug in a particular species, such as NOEL(no-observed-effect-level), NOAEL(no-observed-adverse-effect-level) and LOAEL(lowest-observed-adverse-effect-level).[3] They are established by reviewing the available studies and animal studies.[1] The application of threshold dose in risk assessment safeguards the participants in human clinical trials and evaluates the risks of chronic exposure to certain substances.[4] However, the nature of animal studies also limits the applicability of experimental results in the human population and its significance in evaluating potential risk of certain substances.[5] In toxicology, there are some other safety factors including LD50, LC50 and EC50.
^ abCite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Salahudeen MS, Nishtala PS (February 2017). "An overview of pharmacodynamic modelling, ligand-binding approach and its application in clinical practice". Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 25 (2): 165–175. doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2016.07.002. PMC 5355565. PMID 28344466.
^Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Pejchal J (2020). "Riot control agents". In Gupta RC (ed.). Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents (Third ed.). Boston: Academic Press. pp. 171–196. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819090-6.00012-x. ISBN 978-0-12-819090-6. S2CID 218914751.
^Hong PY (2015). "Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Resistance Genes in the Water–Food Nexus of the Agricultural Environment". In CY, Yan X, Jackson CR (eds.). Antimicrobial Resistance and Food Safety. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 325–346. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801214-7.00016-8. ISBN 978-0-12-801214-7.
Thresholddose is the minimum dose of drug that triggers minimal detectable biological effect in an animal. At extremely low doses, biological responses...
the effect of a drug may be that there is zero effect for a dose below a critical or threshold value, while an effect of some significance exists above that...
tissue reactions, occur. There is a thresholddose which causes clinical radiation damage of cells in the body. As the dose increases, the severity of injury...
deterministic effects, the dose rate also matters. The total dose can be above the threshold for a deterministic effect, but if the dose is spread out over a...
are those that reliably occur above a thresholddose, and their severity increases with dose. High radiation dose gives rise to deterministic effects which...
the Linear no-threshold model (LNT), which assumes that the damage inflicted by radiation at low doses is directly proportional to the dose. Radiation epidemiologist...
onset of the chronic form. The lower threshold for chronic radiation syndrome is between 0.7 and 1.5 Gy, at dose rates above 0.1 Gy/yr. This condition...
mass-to-charge ratio. Psychedelic microdosing is the practice of using sub-thresholddoses (microdoses) of serotonergic psychedelic drugs in an attempt to improve...
which in turn affects the threshold voltage of the MOSFET. This change in threshold voltage is proportional to radiation dose. Alternate high-k gate dielectrics...
thresholddose of approximately "0.09" to "0.15" Gy, with the risk then linearly increasing to a 43-percent rate of SMR when exposed to a fetal dose of...
yeast. A single dose of LSD may be between 40 and 500 micrograms—an amount roughly equal to one-tenth the mass of a grain of sand. Threshold effects can be...
biological toxicity of pathogens can be difficult to measure because the thresholddose may be a single organism. Theoretically one virus, bacterium or worm...
identified "the eliciting dose for an allergic reaction in 1% of the population" as 0.01 mg for cow's milk. This threshold reference dose (and similar results...
no-threshold model of ionizing radiation exposure. To calculate the value of stochastic health risk in sieverts, the physical quantity absorbed dose is...
linear no-threshold model. This calculation starts with the absorbed dose. To represent stochastic risk the dose quantities equivalent dose H T and effective...
no difference in their cognitive abilities was found, suggesting a thresholddose for pregnancies below which there is no danger. In 50 or so children...
effects, LSA is about one tenth as potent as its cousin LSD, making a thresholddose level for LSA (D-Lysergic Acid Amide) about 500 μg. The psychoactive...
to be a deterministic effect (an effect not caused by chance) with a thresholddose" below which no rate increase is observed. Frank Castronovo of the Harvard...
Psychedelic microdosing involves consuming sub-thresholddoses (microdoses) of serotonergic psychedelic drugs like LSD and psilocybin to potentially enhance...
site, as dose is increased. This has been confirmed by resist thickness loss measurements as a function of low-energy electron dose. The dose-dependent...
controversial but commonly applied linear no-threshold model, any exposure to ionizing radiation, even at doses too low to produce any symptoms of radiation...
documented that the thresholddose in some individuals is as much as 10 mg insufflated requiring over 24 grams of beans for an effective dose of 5-MeO-DMT....
occurring without a threshold level of dose, whose probability is proportional to the dose and whose severity is independent of the dose, such as cancer and...
the dose is divided by ten, the probability of observing the effect is also divided by ten. Additionally, it is a relationship without threshold. In industrial...
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