Tendency of matter to change volume in response to a change in temperature
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Thermal expansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including phase transitions.[1]
Temperature is a monotonic function of the average molecular kinetic energy of a substance. When a substance is heated, molecules begin to vibrate and move more, usually creating more distance between themselves. Substances which contract with increasing temperature are unusual, and only occur within limited temperature ranges (see examples below).
The relative expansion (also called strain) divided by the change in temperature is called the material's coefficient of linear thermal expansion and generally varies with temperature. As energy in particles increases, they start moving faster and faster, weakening the intermolecular forces between them and therefore expanding the substance.
^Tipler, Paul A.; Mosca, Gene (2008). Physics for Scientists and Engineers - Volume 1 Mechanics/Oscillations and Waves/Thermodynamics. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. pp. 666–670. ISBN 978-1-4292-0132-2.
Thermalexpansion is the tendency of matter to change its shape, area, volume, and density in response to a change in temperature, usually not including...
A thermalexpansion valve or thermostatic expansion valve (often abbreviated as TEV, TXV, or TX valve) is a component in vapor-compression refrigeration...
Negative thermalexpansion (NTE) is an unusual physicochemical process in which some materials contract upon heating, rather than expand as most other...
constraints. Temperature gradients, thermalexpansion or contraction and thermal shocks are things that can lead to thermal stress. This type of stress is...
thermal conductivity of the material Reducing the coefficient of thermalexpansion of the material Increasing the strength of the material Introducing...
piping to be largely free of stress as thermalexpansion occurs. Bends in elbows also can accommodate this. Expansion joints also isolate pieces of equipment...
of Solids; Thermal and Physical Properties of Pure Metals Touloukian, Y. S., Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 12, ThermalExpansion, IFI/Plenum...
for Thermal Diffusivity Measurement with the Flash Method". In Gaal, Daniela S.; Gaal, Peter S. (eds.). Thermal Conductivity 30/ThermalExpansion 18....
Joule–Thomson effect or Joule–Thomson expansion, the decrease in temperature of a gas when it expands Thermalexpansion, the tendency of matter to change...
units per unit cell. This ultrahard material has a coefficient of thermalexpansion comparable to that of other widely used materials such as steel and...
its initial temperature. The metal with the higher coefficient of thermalexpansion is on the outer side of the curve when the strip is heated and on...
hammer[citation needed] and absorbs excess water pressure caused by thermalexpansion. The modern vessel is a small container or tank divided in two by...
Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen. Several iron oxides are recognized. Often they are non-stoichiometric. Oxyhydroxides are...
into an undersized hole, sometimes used in combination: force and thermalexpansion or contraction. There are at least three different terms used to describe...
or contract as it wishes), determine separately the coefficient of thermalexpansion and the compressibility of the material, and compute the specific...
deal with thermalexpansion stresses during heating and cooling, adequate porosity is needed, as well as appropriate matching of thermalexpansion coefficients...
Ultra low expansion glass (ULE) is a registered trademark of Corning Incorporated. ULE has a very low coefficient of thermalexpansion and contains as...
of the convection is unspecified, convection due to the effects of thermalexpansion and buoyancy can be assumed. Convection may also take place in soft...
compositionally identical to Fernico 1, designed to have substantially the same thermalexpansion characteristics as borosilicate glass (~5 × 10−6 /K between 30 and...
are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other. This statement implies that thermal equilibrium is...
MEMS thermal actuator is a microelectromechanical device that typically generates motion by thermalexpansion amplification. A small amount of thermal expansion...
made from chemically pure silica. It has very low thermalexpansion and excellent resistance to thermal shock, being able to survive immersion in water...
: 140 The thermalexpansion coefficient is defined as With the Maxwell relation and Eq. (8) with X = p it is shown that So the thermalexpansion coefficient...