Testosterone enanthate is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men.[3][4][5] It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men.[6] It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously usually once every one to four weeks.[5][7][2]
Side effects of testosterone enanthate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.[5] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).[8][5] Testosterone enanthate is a testosterone ester and a long-lasting prodrug of testosterone in the body.[7][3][4] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of testosterone,[9] which make it useful for producing masculinization and suitable for androgen replacement therapy.[5]
Testosterone enanthate was introduced for medical use in 1954.[10][4] Along with testosterone cypionate, testosterone undecanoate, and testosterone propionate, it is one of the most widely used testosterone esters.[8][4][5] In addition to its medical use, testosterone enanthate is used to improve physique and performance.[5] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[5]
^"FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)". nctr-crs.fda.gov. FDA. Retrieved 22 Oct 2023.
^ abLuetjens CM, Wistuba J, Weinbauer G, Nieschlag E (2007). "The Leydig Cell as a Target for Male Contraception". The Leydig Cell in Health and Disease. Contemporary Endocrinology. Humana Press. pp. 415–442. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-453-7_29. ISBN 978-1-58829-754-9.
^ abNieschlag E, Behre HM, Nieschlag S (26 July 2012). Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 315–. ISBN 978-1-107-01290-5. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
^ abcdNieschlag E, Behre HM, Nieschlag S (13 January 2010). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 442–. ISBN 978-3-540-78355-8. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2016.
^ abcdefghLlewellyn W (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 208–211. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4. Archived from the original on 2024-04-07. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
^Irwig MS (April 2017). "Testosterone therapy for transgender men". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 5 (4): 301–311. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00036-X. PMID 27084565.
^ abBecker KL (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1185, 1187. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. Archived from the original on 2024-04-07. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
^ abKicman AT (June 2008). "Pharmacology of anabolic steroids". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (3): 502–521. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.165. PMC 2439524. PMID 18500378.
^Santoro N, Braunstein GD, Butts CL, Martin KA, McDermott M, Pinkerton JV (April 2016). "Compounded Bioidentical Hormones in Endocrinology Practice: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (4): 1318–1343. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1271. PMID 27032319.
^Cite error: The named reference Publishing2013 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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