Global InformationTestosterone cypionate information
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| Trade names | Depo-Testosterone, others |
| Other names | TC; TCPP; Testosterone cipionate; Testosterone cyclopentylpropionate; Testosterone cyclopentanepropionate; Testosterone 17β-cyclopentylpropionate |
| Routes of administration | Intramuscular injection |
| Drug class | Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Androgen ester |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | Oral: very low Intramuscular: very high |
| Metabolism | Liver |
| Elimination half-life | ~8 days i.m.)[1] |
| Excretion | 90% Urine; 6% feces[1] |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.335 |
| Chemical and physical data | |
| Formula | C27H40O3 |
| Molar mass | 412.614 g·mol−1 |
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Testosterone cypionate, sold under the brand name Depo-Testosterone among others, is an androgen and anabolic steroid (AAS) medication which is used mainly in the treatment of low testosterone levels in men.[2][3][4] It is also used in hormone therapy for transgender men.[5][6] It is given by injection into muscle or subcutaneously, once every one to four weeks, depending on clinical indication.[4][7][8][9]
Side effects of testosterone cypionate include symptoms of masculinization like acne, increased hair growth, voice changes, and increased sexual desire.[4] Testosterone supplementation is also known to reduce the threshold for aggressive behavior in men.[10] The drug is a synthetic androgen and anabolic steroid and hence is an agonist of the androgen receptor (AR), the biological target of androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT).[11][4] Testosterone cypionate is converted by the body to testosterone that has both androgenic effects and anabolic effects, which make it useful for producing masculinization and suitable for androgen replacement therapy;[4] still, the relative potency of these effects can depend on various factors and is a topic of ongoing research.[12][13] Testosterone can either directly exert effects on target tissues or be metabolized by 5α-reductase into DHT or aromatized to estradiol (E2).[12] Both testosterone and DHT bind to an androgen receptor; however, DHT has a stronger binding affinity than testosterone and may have more androgenic effect in certain tissues at lower levels.[12] Testosterone cypionate is a testosterone ester and a long-lasting prodrug of testosterone in the body.[7][2][3] Because of this, it is considered to be a natural and bioidentical form of testosterone.[14]
Testosterone cypionate was introduced for medical use in 1951.[15][16] Along with testosterone enanthate, testosterone undecanoate, and testosterone propionate, it is one of the most commonly used testosterone esters.[11][4] It is used mainly in the United States.[4] In addition to its medical use, testosterone cypionate is used to improve physique and performance.[4] The drug is a controlled substance in many countries and so non-medical use is generally illicit.[4]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Depo-Testosterone-Labelwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Nieschlag E, Behre HM, Nieschlag S (26 July 2012). Testosterone: Action, Deficiency, Substitution. Cambridge University Press. pp. 315–. ISBN 978-1-107-01290-5. Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 3 January 2018.
- ^ a b Nieschlag E, Behre HM, Nieschlag S (13 January 2010). Andrology: Male Reproductive Health and Dysfunction. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 442–. ISBN 978-3-540-78355-8. Archived from the original on 14 January 2023. Retrieved 27 October 2017.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Llewellyn W (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 212–216. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4.
- ^ Costa LB, Rosa-E-Silva AC, Medeiros SF, Nacul AP, Carvalho BR, Benetti-Pinto CL, et al. (May 2018). "Recommendations for the Use of Testosterone in Male Transgender". Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia. 40 (5): 275–280. doi:10.1055/s-0038-1657788. PMC 10316880. PMID 29913543.
- ^ Irwig MS (April 2017). "Testosterone therapy for transgender men". The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology. 5 (4): 301–311. doi:10.1016/S2213-8587(16)00036-X. PMID 27084565.
- ^ a b Becker KL (2001). Principles and Practice of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1185, 1187. ISBN 978-0-7817-1750-2. Archived from the original on 2024-04-07. Retrieved 2018-01-03.
- ^ Ayd FJ (2000). Lexicon of Psychiatry, Neurology, and the Neurosciences. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 974–. ISBN 978-0-7817-2468-5.
- ^ Hembree WC, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Gooren L, Hannema SE, Meyer WJ, Murad MH, et al. (November 2017). "Endocrine Treatment of Gender-Dysphoric/Gender-Incongruent Persons: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 102 (11): 3869–3903. doi:10.1210/jc.2017-01658. PMID 28945902.
- ^ Geniole SN (2020). "Is testosterone linked to human aggression? A meta-analytic examination of the relationship between baseline, dynamic and manipulated testosterone on human aggression" (PDF). Hormones and Behavior. 123: 104644. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2019.104644. PMID 31785281. S2CID 208515589. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-10-01. Retrieved 2023-07-06.
- ^ a b Kicman AT (June 2008). "Pharmacology of anabolic steroids". British Journal of Pharmacology. 154 (3): 502–521. doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.165. PMC 2439524. PMID 18500378.
- ^ a b c Čeponis J, Wang C, Swerdloff RS, Liu PY (2017). "Anabolic and Metabolic Effects of Testosterone and Other Androgens: Direct Effects and Role of Testosterone Metabolic Products". Thyroid Diseases. Endocrinology. pp. 1–22. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29456-8_11-1. ISBN 978-3-319-29195-6. Archived from the original on 2024-04-07. Retrieved 2024-04-06.
- ^ Kuhn CM (2002). "Anabolic steroids". Recent Prog Horm Res. 57: 411–34. doi:10.1210/rp.57.1.411. PMID 12017555.
- ^ Santoro N, Braunstein GD, Butts CL, Martin KA, McDermott M, Pinkerton JV (April 2016). "Compounded Bioidentical Hormones in Endocrinology Practice: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 101 (4): 1318–1343. doi:10.1210/jc.2016-1271. PMID 27032319.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Publishing2013was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Cite error: The named reference
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