The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al.[1]
It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ),
and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models[2] and those of the five factor model.[3]
TCI operates with seven dimensions of personality traits: four so-called temperaments[4]
Novelty seeking (NS)
Harm avoidance (HA)
Reward dependence (RD)
Persistence (PS)
and three so-called characters
Self-directedness (SD)
Cooperativeness (CO)
Self-transcendence (ST)
Each of these traits has a varying number of subscales.
The dimensions are determined from a 240-item questionnaire.
The TCI is based on a psychobiological model that attempts to explain the underlying causes of individual differences in personality traits.[5]
^C. Robert Cloninger (1994). The temperament and character inventory (TCI): A guide to its development and use. St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality, Washington University. ISBN 978-0-9642917-1-3.
^Marvin Zuckerman and C. Robert Cloninger (August 1996). "Relationships between Cloninger's, Zuckerman's, and Eysenck's dimensions of personality". Personality and Individual Differences. 21 (2): 283–285. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00042-6. PMC 4486314. PMID 26146428.
^De Fruyt, F.; Van De Wiele, L.; Van Heeringen, C. (2000). "Cloninger's Psychobiological Model of Temperament and Character and the Five-Factor Model of Personality". Personality and Individual Differences. 29 (3): 441–452. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00204-4.
^"Temperament & Character Inventory". Center for Well-being, Washington University in St. Louis. Archived from the original on 2009-07-17. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
^Cloninger, C.R.; Svrakic, DM; Przybeck, TR (December 1993). "A psychobiological model of temperament and character". Archives of General Psychiatry. 50 (12): 975–90. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240059008. PMID 8250684.
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