Republic of China
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Flag
Emblem
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Anthem: 中華民國國歌 Zhōnghuá Mínguó Guógē "National Anthem of the Republic of China" Flag anthem: 中華民國國旗歌 Zhōnghuá Míngúo Gúoqígē "National Flag Anthem of the Republic of China" | |
Capital | Taipei[a][2] 25°04′N 121°31′E / 25.067°N 121.517°E |
Largest city | New Taipei City |
Official languages | Standard Chinese[b][5][6][7] |
Official script | Traditional Chinese[8] |
National languages[e] |
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Ethnic groups (2016)[12] |
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Religion (2020)[13] |
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Demonym(s) | Taiwanese[14] |
Government | Unitary semi-presidential republic[15][16] |
• President | Tsai Ing-wen |
• Vice President | Lai Ching-te |
• Executive Yuan President / Premier | Chen Chien-jen |
• Legislative Yuan President | Han Kuo-yu |
• Judicial Yuan President | Hsu Tzong-li |
Legislature | Legislative Yuan[g] |
Establishment | |
• Republic of China established | 10 October 1911[h] |
• Taiwan under ROC rule[i] | 25 October 1945 |
• Retreat of ROC to Taiwan | 7 December 1949 |
Area | |
• Total | 36,197 km2 (13,976 sq mi)[17][14] |
Population | |
• 1 July 2022 estimate | 23,894,394[18] (56th) |
• 2010 census | 23,123,866[19] |
• Density | 650/km2 (1,683.5/sq mi) (17th) |
GDP (PPP) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $1.685 trillion [20] (20th) |
• Per capita | $72,485[20] (15th) |
GDP (nominal) | 2023 estimate |
• Total | $751.930 billion[20] (21st) |
• Per capita | $32,339[20] (30th) |
Gini (2017) | 34.1[21] medium |
HDI (2021) | 0.926[j][22] very high (19th) |
Currency | New Taiwan dollar (NT$) (TWD) |
Time zone | UTC+8 (National Standard Time) |
ISO 3166 code | TW |
Internet TLD | .tw, .台灣, .台湾[23] |
Taiwan,[II][k] officially the Republic of China (ROC),[I][l] is a country[27] in East Asia.[o] It is located at the junction of the East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, with the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the northwest, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The territories controlled by the ROC consist of 168 islands[p] with a combined area of 36,193 square kilometres (13,974 square miles).[17][39] The main island of Taiwan, also known as Formosa, has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 square miles), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two-thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanized population is concentrated. The capital, Taipei, forms along with New Taipei City and Keelung the largest metropolitan area. With around 23.9 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries.
Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled the island around 6,000 years ago. In the 17th century, large-scale Han Chinese immigration began under a Dutch colony and continued under the Kingdom of Tungning, the first predominantly Han Chinese state in Taiwanese history. The island was annexed in 1683 by the Qing dynasty of China and ceded to the Empire of Japan in 1895. The Republic of China, which had overthrown the Qing in 1912, took control following the surrender of Japan in 1945.[q] Japan renounced sovereignty over Taiwan in 1952. The immediate resumption of the Chinese Civil War resulted in the loss of the Chinese mainland to Communist forces, who established the People's Republic of China, and the flight of the ROC central government to Taiwan in 1949. The effective jurisdiction of the ROC has since been limited to Taiwan, Penghu, and smaller islands.
In the early 1960s, Taiwan entered a period of rapid economic growth and industrialization called the "Taiwan Miracle".[40] In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the ROC transitioned from a one-party state under martial law to a multi-party democracy, with democratically elected presidents since 1996. Taiwan's export-oriented industrial economy is the 21st-largest in the world by nominal GDP and the 20th-largest by PPP measures, with a focus on steel, machinery, electronics, and chemicals manufacturing. Taiwan is a developed country.[41][42] It is ranked highly in terms of civil liberties,[43] healthcare,[44] and human development.[j][22]
The political status of Taiwan is contentious.[49] The ROC no longer represents China as a member of the United Nations after UN members voted in 1971 to recognize the PRC instead.[50] The ROC maintained its claim of being the sole legitimate representative of China and its territory until 1991, when it ceased to regard the CCP as a rebellious group and recognized its control over mainland China.[51] Taiwan is claimed by the PRC, which refuses to establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognise the ROC. Taiwan maintains official diplomatic relations with 11 out of 193 UN member states and the Holy See.[52] Many others maintain unofficial diplomatic ties through representative offices and institutions that function as de facto embassies and consulates. International organizations in which the PRC participates either refuse to grant membership to Taiwan or allow it to participate on a non-state basis. Domestically, the major political contention is between parties favoring eventual Chinese unification and promoting a pan-Chinese identity, contrasted with those aspiring to formal international recognition and promoting a Taiwanese identity; into the 21st century, both sides have moderated their positions to broaden their appeal.[53][54]
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Ethnicity: 70 percent Hoklo; 15 percent Hakka 10–15 percent mainlanders; 2 percent indigenous Austronesian peoples
cia-factbook
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Article 2: The following terms as used in this Act are defined below.
1. "Taiwan Area" refers to Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu, and any other area under the effective control of the Government.
...Section. 15. For purposes of this Act- 2. the term "Taiwan" includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores (Penghu).
Penghu locates on the Taiwan Strait between China and Taiwan in Asia. It is the only island county of Taiwan... The utmost west isle (of Penghu) is also the utmost west boundary of Taiwan.
South Korea is another emerging economic powerhouse, as is the Republic of China (ROC), a small country that occupies the island of Taiwan in the shadow of its enormous and hostile mainland neighbor, the PRC.
Moreover, its status as a vibrant democratic state has earned it huge international sympathy and a generally positive image.
Much has changed in Taiwan since Chiang's day, but this liminal quality has never really gone away. By almost any functional standard, it's a sovereign country
These six criteria demonstrate that under international law Taiwan merits recognition as an independent state and as such is already a de facto state.
Taiwan possesses all of the elements of a sovereign state: a legitimate government, population, and a well-defined territory. The fact is that the People's Republic of China (PRC), while claiming sovereignty over Taiwan, has never ruled Taiwan since the PRC's establishment in 1949. Thus, Taiwan is in fact a sovereign country from our perspective.
臺灣本島及其21個附屬島嶼面積共3萬5886.8623平方公里。[The main island of Taiwan and its 21 associated islands have a total area of 35,886.8623 square kilometers.]
澎湖群島原為64個島嶼組成,經2005年澎湖縣政府重新進行澎湖群島島嶼數量清查,係由90座大小島嶼所組成。[The Penghu Archipelago was conventionally considered to comprise 64 islands. In 2005, the Penghu County Government re-scrutinized the total number of islands in the archipelago, which consists of 90 islands of varying sizes.]
金門縣總面積151平方公里,除大金門本島外,尚包括小金門、大膽、二膽、東碇、北碇等17個島嶼。西距廈門外港約10海浬,東距臺灣約150海浬,為一典型大陸型島嶼。[The total area of Kinmen County is 151 square kilometers. In addition to the main island of Kinmen, the county also includes Xiaokinmen, Dadan, Erdan, Dongding and Beiding for a total of 17 islands. It is about 10 nautical miles away from the Port of Xiamen to the west and 150 nautical miles away from Taiwan to the east. It is a typical continental island.]
馬祖列島所涵括的36座島嶼分屬四鄉,各鄉除了包括有聚落發展的較大島嶼外,還轄有數座無人島礁。[Matsu islands encompass 36 Islands which are divided into four townships. In addition to the larger islands with inhabitants, each township also has numerous uninhabited islands and reefs]
東沙島為東沙群島唯一島嶼[Pratas Island is the only island in the Pratas Islands]
The Pratas Reef lies 230 miles to the southwest of the southern tip of Taiwan. It consists of an island in the mouth of a semicircular shoal open to the west.
a second place ranking in the 2000 Economist's world healthcare ranking
Experts agree a direct conflict is unlikely, but as the future of self-ruled Taiwan increasingly becomes a powder keg, a mishap or miscalculation could lead to confrontation while Chinese and American ambitions are at odds.
...Most importantly, with the repeal of the temporary provisions, the Chinese Communist Party would no longer be seen as a rebel group. "From now on, we will see the Chinese Communist Party as a political entity that controls the mainland region and we will call them the 'mainland authorities' or the 'Chinese Communist authorities'," President Lee said during the press conference
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