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Citizens or residents of Taiwan
Taiwanese people[I][a]
Total population
26,193,616
Regions with significant populations
Taiwan
23,888,275[1]
United States
373,943[2]–964,000[3]
Mainland China
404,000[4]
Indonesia
210,000[3]
Canada
69,550[5]–173,000[3]
Thailand
145,000[3]
Japan
52,768[6]
Brazil
38,000[3]
Vietnam
72,000[3]
Malaysia
44,000[7]
Brunei
38,000[7]
Australia
34,000[3]
South Korea
30,985[8]
Singapore
30,000[7]
France
12,000[3]
Argentina
11,000[7]
New Zealand
9,000[3]
South Africa
9,000[3]
Costa Rica
8,000[7]
United Kingdom
8,000[3]
Germany
7,050[9]
Paraguay
4,000[7]
Philippines
1,538[10]
Languages
Mandarin
Taiwanese Hokkien
Hakka
Indigenous Taiwanese languages
Religion
Chinese folk religions
Mahayana Buddhism
Confucianism
Taoism
Minority Christianity
Shintoism
Other religions
Related ethnic groups
Han Taiwanese people
Austronesian peoples
Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Taiwanese people
Traditional Chinese
臺灣人
Simplified Chinese
台湾人
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin
Táiwān rén
Bopomofo
ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄖㄣˊ
Gwoyeu Romatzyh
Tair'uan ren
Wade–Giles
T'ai2-wan1 jen2
Tongyong Pinyin
Táiwan rén
MPS2
Táiwān rén
IPA
[tʰǎɪ.wán ɻə̌n]
Hakka
Romanization
Thòi-vàn ngìn
Yue: Cantonese
Yale Romanization
Tòih Wāan yàhn4
Jyutping
Toi4 Waan1 jan4
IPA
[tʰɔːi˩ waːn˥ jɐn˩]
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Tâi-oân-lâng
Tâi-lô
Tâi-uân lâng
Eastern Min
Fuzhou BUC
Dài-uăng ìng
Min name
Traditional Chinese
臺灣儂
Simplified Chinese
台湾侬
Transcriptions
Southern Min
Hokkien POJ
Tâi-oân-lâng
Tâi-lô
Tâi-uân lâng
The term "Taiwanese people"[I][a] has various interpretations. It may generally be considered the people living on the island of Taiwan who share a common culture, ancestry and speak Mandarin, Hokkien, Hakka, or indigenous Taiwanese languages as a mother tongue. Taiwanese people may also refer to the indigenous peoples of the areas under the control of the Government of the Republic of China since 1945, including Kinmen and Matsu Islands that collectively form its streamlined Fujian Province (see Taiwan Area). However, the inhabitants of Kinmen and the Matsu Islands themselves may not consider the "Taiwanese" label to be accurate as they are a part of Fujian and not Taiwan. They have a distinctive identity from that of the Taiwanese; viewing themselves as Kinmenese or Matsunese, respectively, or as simply Chinese.[11][12]
At least three competing (occasionally overlapping) paradigms are used to identify someone as a Taiwanese person: nationalist criteria, self-identification (including the concept of "New Taiwanese [zh]") criteria and socio-cultural criteria. These standards are fluid and result from evolving social and political issues. The complexity resulting from competing and evolving standards is compounded by a larger dispute regarding Taiwan's identity, the political status of Taiwan and its potential de jure Taiwan independence or Cross-Strait Unification.
According to government figures, over 95% of Taiwan's population of 23.4 million consists of Han Taiwanese, while 2.3% are Austronesian Taiwanese indigenous peoples. The Han are often divided into three subgroups: the Hoklo, the Hakka, and waishengren (or "mainlanders").[13][14] Although the concept of the "four great ethnic groups" was alleged to be the deliberate attempt by the Hoklo-dominated Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to defuse ethnic tensions, this concept has become a dominant frame of reference for dealing with Taiwanese ethnic and national issues.[15]
Despite the wide use of the "four great ethnic groups" in public discourse as essentialized identities, the relationships between the peoples of Taiwan have been in a constant state of convergence and negotiation for centuries. According to Harrel and Huang, the distinction between non-aboriginal Taiwanese groups are "no longer definitive in cultural terms".[16]
Cite error: There are <ref group=upper-roman> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=upper-roman}} template (see the help page). Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
^"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"PLACE OF BIRTH FOR THE FOREIGN-BORN POPULATION, 2016 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates". US Census. Archived from the original on 2020-02-14. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^ abcdefghijk2016僑務統計年報 [Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council] (PDF). Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2017-09-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-10-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^這兩大因素影響 去年赴中國工作人數創近11年新低. United Daily News. 2019-12-17. Archived from the original on 2020-02-07. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
^"Places of Birth, 2011 National Household Survey". Statistics Canada. 2013-05-08. Archived from the original on 2016-05-13. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^2016年12月末在留外国人統計. Ministry of Justice, Japan. 2016-12-01. Archived from the original on 2017-05-24. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^ abcdef2011僑務統計年報 [Statistical Yearbook of the Overseas Community Affairs Council] (PDF). Overseas Community Affairs Council. 2011-09-01. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^"Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2017-01-02. Retrieved 2017-02-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^"Ausländische Bevölkerung Fachserie 1 Reihe 2 - 2016" (PDF). Statistisches Bundesamt (Destatis). 2016-12-31. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-09-15. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^"Household Population by Country of Citizenship: Philippines, 2010" (PDF). Philippines Statistics Authority. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-11-16. Retrieved 2017-10-16.
^di Genova, Trista (11 July 2007). "Study explores the 'Kinmen Identity'". China Post. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
^Wei, Jian-Feng (2006). "An Examination of Cultural Identity of Residents of Quemoy (Kinmen)" (PDF). Intercultural Communication Studies. 15 (1): 136–137. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 April 2013. Retrieved 20 January 2012.
Hokkien, Hakka, or indigenous Taiwanese languages as a mother tongue. Taiwanesepeople may also refer to the indigenous peoples of the areas under the control...
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p. 168. "Overseas Schools" (Archive). Taiwanese Ministry of Education. Retrieved on 10 January 2016. "Taiwan School in Jakarta, Indonesia Tropical Charm...
tended to increasingly be Taiwanese benshengren, or Han Taiwanese whose ancestors had already lived in Taiwan before 1949. Taiwanese immigration to the United...
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indigenous ethnic groups in Taiwan. The Han Taiwanese, who are Han Chinese people living in Taiwan, are usually categorized by the Taiwanese government into three...
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13th century. The main island was inhabited by a diversity of Taiwanese indigenous peoples speaking Austronesian languages until Han settlement began in...
Taiwanese optionally identified as Southern Min (Minnan) as well. Hoklo people Hoklo Americans TaiwanesepeopleTaiwanese Americans Hakka Taiwanese Han...
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Taiwan is among the most densely populated countries. Taiwan has been settled for at least 25,000 years. Ancestors of Taiwanese indigenous peoples settled...
"hô-ló (福佬)". 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese and Taiwanese Hokkien). Vol. 2. Taihoku: Governor-General of Taiwan. p. 829. OCLC 25747241...
Tayal and the Tayan, are a Taiwanese indigenous people. The Atayal people number around 90,000, approximately 15.9% of Taiwan's total indigenous population...
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indigenous peoples from Taiwanese Han people. Plains indigenous peoples are recognized by the Taiwan government as "Pingpu Indigenous People". However...
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Governing Relations between the People of the Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area Article 9-1. "Taiwanese Parents". Taiwanese Citizenship. Retrieved 12 January...
census in Taiwan. The Taiwanese indigenous languages or Formosan languages are the languages of the Taiwanese indigenous peoples. Taiwanese aborigines...
asserts that the Taiwanesepeople are a distinct nation. Due to the complex political status of Taiwan, it is strongly linked to the Taiwan independence movement...
118,300 Vietnamese women who met Taiwanese men through illegal matchmaking services resided in Taiwan as of 2005. Taiwan, along with China and Cambodia...
Global Information
Taiwan
United States
Mainland China
Indonesia
Canada
Thailand
Japan
Brazil
Vietnam
Malaysia
Brunei
Australia
South Korea
Singapore
France
Argentina
New Zealand
South Africa
Costa Rica
United Kingdom
Germany
Paraguay
Philippines