This article is about man-made molecular motors. For the naturally occurring protein motors, see Molecular motor.
Molecular dynamics simulation of a synthetic molecular rotor composed of three molecules in a nanopore (outer diameter 6.7 nm) at 250 K.[1]
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Synthetic molecular motors are molecular machines capable of continuous directional rotation under an energy input.[2] Although the term "molecular motor" has traditionally referred to a naturally occurring protein that induces motion (via protein dynamics), some groups also use the term when referring to non-biological, non-peptide synthetic motors. Many chemists are pursuing the synthesis of such molecular motors.
The basic requirements for a synthetic motor are repetitive 360° motion, the consumption of energy and unidirectional rotation.[citation needed] The first two efforts in this direction, the chemically driven motor by Dr. T. Ross Kelly of Boston College with co-workers and the light-driven motor by Ben Feringa and co-workers, were published in 1999 in the same issue of Nature.
As of 2020, the smallest atomically precise molecular machine has a rotor that consists of four atoms.[3]
^Kassem, Salma; van Leeuwen, Thomas; Lubbe, Anouk S.; Wilson, Miriam R.; Feringa, Ben L.; Leigh, David A. (2017). "Artificial molecular motors". Chemical Society Reviews. 46 (9): 2592–2621. doi:10.1039/C7CS00245A. PMID 28426052.
^Stolz, Samuel; Gröning, Oliver; Prinz, Jan; Brune, Harald; Widmer, Roland (2020-06-15). "Molecular motor crossing the frontier of classical to quantum tunneling motion". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117 (26): 14838–14842. Bibcode:2020PNAS..11714838S. doi:10.1073/pnas.1918654117. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 7334648. PMID 32541061.
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