Bitumen or extra heavy crude oil upgraded for transport
Not to be confused with pyrolysis oil, synthetic oil, or synthetic fuel.
Synthetic crude is the output from a bitumen/extra heavy oil upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production. It may also refer to shale oil, an output from an oil shale pyrolysis. The properties of the synthetic crude depend on the processes used in the upgrading. Typically, it is low in sulfur and has an API gravity of around 30. It is also known as "upgraded crude".[citation needed]
Synthetic crude is an intermediate product produced when an extra-heavy or unconventional oil source is upgraded into a transportable form.[1] Synthetic crude is then shipped to oil refineries where it is refined into finished products.[1] Synthetic crude may also be mixed, as a diluent, with heavy oil to create synbit. Synbit is more viscous than synthetic crude, but can also be a less expensive alternative for transporting heavy oil to a conventional refinery.[citation needed]
Syncrude Canada, Suncor Energy Inc., and Canadian Natural Resources Limited are the three largest worldwide producers of synthetic crude with a cumulative production of approximately 600,000 barrels per day (95,000 m3/d). The NewGrade Energy Upgrader became operational in 1988, and was the first upgrader in Canada, now part of the CCRL Refinery Complex. [1]
"Synthetic crude" may also refer to crude-like hydrocarbon mixes generated from other processes. Examples are manure-derived synthetic crude oil and greencrude.
^ abc"Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan - HEAVY OIL UPGRADERS". University of Regina. Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
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density is greater than or equal to 800 kg/m3, the diluent is typically syntheticcrude and accordingly the blend is called synbit. Bitumen and heavy oils...
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Canadian oil production in 2015. This included light crude oil, heavy crude oil, crude bitumen, syntheticcrude oil, and natural-gas condensate. In 2015 Alberta...
than 22.3°, or further "upgraded" to an API gravity of 31 to 33° as syntheticcrude. API Degree history Report on the Development, Construction, Calculation...
operation. This does not include the cost of upgrading the crude bitumen to syntheticcrude oil, which makes the final costs CA$36 to CA$40 per barrel...
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679 billion barrels of oil equivalent (5.921×1010 GJ), of which 63% were syntheticcrude. The company also owns two operated pipeline systems, an electricity...
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description CDATA – core data CDIS – CDI synthetic seismic log CDU – control distribution unit CDU – crude distillation unit CDP – common depth point...
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upgrader is a facility that upgrades bitumen (extra heavy oil) into syntheticcrude oil. Upgrader plants are typically located close to oil sands production...
oilsand upgrader, a facility which processes crude bitumen from oil sands into a wide range of syntheticcrude oils. The upgrader is owned by Athabasca Oil...