This article is about fuel coke derived from petroleum. For fuel coke derived from coal, see Coke (fuel).
Petroleum coke
Petroleum coke, abbreviated coke, pet coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group of fuels referred to as cokes. Petcoke is the coke that, in particular, derives from a final cracking process—a thermo-based chemical engineering process that splits long chain hydrocarbons of petroleum into shorter chains—that takes place in units termed coker units.[1] (Other types of coke are derived from coal.) Stated succinctly, coke is the "carbonization product of high-boiling hydrocarbon fractions obtained in petroleum processing (heavy residues)".[1] Petcoke is also produced in the production of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) from bitumen extracted from Canada's tar sands and from Venezuela's Orinoco oil sands.[2][3]
In petroleum coker units, residual oils from other distillation processes used in petroleum refining are treated at a high temperature and pressure leaving the petcoke after driving off gases and volatiles, and separating off remaining light and heavy oils. These processes are termed "coking processes", and most typically employ chemical engineering plant operations for the specific process of delayed coking.
A delayed coking unit.A schematic flow diagram of such a unit, where residual oil enters the process at the lower left (see →), proceeds via pumps to the main fractionator (tall column at right), the residue of which, shown in green, is pumped via a furnace into the coke drums (two columns left and center) where the final carbonization takes place, at high temperature and pressure, in the presence of steam.
This coke can either be fuel grade (high in sulfur and metals) or anode grade (low in sulfur and metals). The raw coke directly out of the coker is often referred to as green coke.[1] In this context, "green" means unprocessed. The further processing of green coke by calcining in a rotary kiln removes residual volatile hydrocarbons from the coke. The calcined petroleum coke can be further processed in an anode baking oven to produce anode coke of the desired shape and physical properties. The anodes are mainly used in the aluminium and steel industry.
Petcoke is over 80% carbon and emits 5% to 10% more carbon dioxide (CO2) than coal on a per-unit-of-energy basis when it is burned. As petcoke has a higher energy content, petcoke emits between 30% and 80% more CO2 than coal per unit of weight.[3] The difference between coal and coke in CO2 production per unit of energy produced depends upon the moisture in the coal, which increases the CO2 per unit of energy – heat of combustion – and on the volatile hydrocarbons in coal and coke, which decrease the CO2 per unit of energy.
^ abc"petroleum coke". IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the Gold Book) (3rd ed.). International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2006 [Online edition 3.0.1 of 2019; article date 24 February 2014]. P04522.
^"What Is Petcoke?". Retrieved 17 March 2017.
^ ab"Petroleum Coke: The Coal Hiding in the Tar Sands", OilChange International priceofoil.org January, 2013.
Petroleumcoke, abbreviated coke, pet coke or petcoke, is a final carbon-rich solid material that derives from oil refining, and is one type of the group...
a petroleum product. Carbon, in the form of petroleumcoke, and hydrogen may also be produced as petroleum products. The hydrogen produced is often used...
molecular weight hydrocarbon gases, naphtha, light and heavy gas oils, and petroleumcoke. The process thermally cracks the long chain hydrocarbon molecules in...
chain hydrocarbon molecules of the residual oil into coker gas oil and petroleumcoke. Delayed coking is one of the unit processes used in many oil refineries...
name for a soft drink Coke (fuel), a solid carbonaceous residue derived from the destructive distillation of coal Petroleumcoke, a solid, carbon-rich...
petroleumcoke—a coal-like material.”. In heterogeneous catalysis, the process is undesirable because the clinker blocks the catalytic sites. Coking is...
viscosity products. Delayed coking and fluid coker units: Convert very heavy residual oils into end-product petroleumcoke as well as naphtha and petrol...
washing. Coking units (delayed coker, fluid coker, and flexicoker) process very heavy residual oils into gasoline and diesel fuel, leaving petroleumcoke as...
consumption of all types of petroleum products in 2020–21, followed by petrol (14.40%), liquefied petroleum gas (14%), petroleumcoke (8.03%), and naphtha (7%)...
cenospheres, charred wood, and petroleumcoke that may become airborne during pyrolysis and that are more properly identified as cokes or char. Soot causes various...
power station in Drax, North Yorkshire, England, capable of co-firing petroleumcoke. It has a 2.6 GW capacity for biomass and had a 1.29 GW capacity for...
are divided into graphitized and coke types. For manufacturing of the graphitized anodes, anthracite and petroleumcoke are calcined and classified. They...
petrochemical company and is engaged in the manufacture and sale of Calcined PetroleumCoke. It is a public company listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National...
the second largest manufacturer of Calcined Petroleum Coke in the country. Calcined Petroleumcoke is a pure form of carbon and is used for making anodes...
steel companies have carried out production of hydrogen by this method. Petroleumcoke can also be converted to hydrogen-rich syngas via coal gasification...
GrafTech International Ltd. is a manufacturer of graphite electrodes and petroleumcoke, which are essential for the production of electric arc furnace steel...
include anhydrous ammonia, sulfur, sulfuric acid, finished fertilizers, petroleumcoke, and nitric acid. The company was established by Ronald Stanton in 1965...
disassembled, refurbished, and its technology converted to be able to gasify petroleumcoke instead of coal. It was then reassembled to form the heart of the nitrogen...
aluminium smelting process, while the raw coke – the Green PetroleumCoke (GPC) – is the product of the coker unit in a crude oil refinery and must possess...
green coke depends on temperature and time of cooking, but also on the method for its determination. Coker unit Delayed cokerPetroleumcokeCoke (fuel)...
sulfuric acid. Bulk tar and Asphalt Petroleumcoke, used in speciality carbon products or as solid fuel The petroleum industry, also known as the oil industry...
of 29.6 MJ/kg. Some coke-making processes produce byproducts, including coal tar, ammonia, light oils, and coal gas. Petroleumcoke (petcoke) is the solid...
competitive pricing from alternatives such as synthetic graphite powder, petroleumcoke, and other forms of carbon. A carbon raiser is added to increase the...
ceramics, active pharmaceutical ingredients (API's) and excipients, petroleumcoke, cement and other construction materials, cenospheres/glass microballoons...
exported. 700,000 tonnes of petroleumcoke are produced each year. A purpose-built warehouse on the docks stores the petroleumcoke before it is shipped out...
kerosene, heating fuel oils, hexane, lubricating oils, bitumen, and petroleumcoke Edible oil refinery which converts cooking oil into a product that is...
Global Information
