Keystone Pipeline System (partly operational and proposed)
Keystone Pipeline route
Location
Country
Canada United States
General information
Type
Crude oil
Owner
TC Energy
Website
www.tcenergy.com/operations
Keystone Pipeline (Phase 1)
Location
From
Hardisty, Alberta
Passes through
Regina, Saskatchewan Steele City, Nebraska
To
Wood River, Illinois Patoka, Illinois (end)
General information
Type
Crude oil
Status
Complete
Construction started
Q2 2008
Commissioned
June 2010[1]
Technical information
Length
3,456 km (2,147 mi)
Maximum discharge
0.86 million barrels per day (~4.3×10^7 t/a)
Diameter
30 in (762 mm)
No. of pumping stations
39
Keystone-Cushing Project (Phase 2)[2]
Location
From
Steele City, Nebraska
To
Cushing, Oklahoma
General information
Type
Crude oil
Status
Complete
Contractors
WorleyParsons
Construction started
2010
Commissioned
February 2011[3]
Technical information
Length
468 km (291 mi)
Diameter
36 in (914 mm)
No. of pumping stations
4
Cushing Marketlink Project (Phase 3a)[2]
Location
From
Cushing, Oklahoma
Passes through
Liberty County, Texas
To
Nederland, Texas
General information
Type
Crude oil
Status
Complete
Contractors
WorleyParsons
Construction started
Summer 2012[4]
Commissioned
January 2014[5]
Technical information
Length
784 km (487 mi)
Maximum discharge
0.7 million barrels per day (~3.5×10^7 t/a)
Diameter
36 in (914 mm)
Houston Lateral Project (Phase 3b)[2]
Location
From
Liberty County, Texas
To
Houston, Texas
General information
Type
Crude oil
Status
Complete
Contractors
WorleyParsons
Construction started
2013
Commissioned
2016,[6] online 2017
Technical information
Length
76 km (47 mi)
Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4)[7]
Location
From
Hardisty, Alberta
Passes through
Baker, Montana
To
Steele City, Nebraska
General information
Type
Crude oil
Status
Cancelled
Contractors
WorleyParsons
Technical information
Length
1,897 km (1,179 mi)
Diameter
36 in (914 mm)
Website
www.keystonexl.com
The Keystone Pipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020, the Government of Alberta.[8][9][10][11] It runs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin in Alberta to refineries in Illinois and Texas, and also to oil tank farms and an oil pipeline distribution center in Cushing, Oklahoma.[12][13]
TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd,[14] abbreviated here as Keystone, operates four phases of the project. In 2013, the first two phases had the capacity to deliver up to 590,000 barrels (94,000 m3) per day of oil into the Midwest refineries.[15] Phase III has capacity to deliver up to 700,000 barrels (110,000 m3) per day to the Texas refineries.[16] By comparison, production of petroleum in the United States averaged 9.4 million barrels (1.5 million cubic meters) per day in first-half 2015, with gross exports of 500,000 barrels (79,000 m3) per day through July 2015.[17]
A proposed fourth pipeline, called Keystone XL (sometimes abbreviated KXL, with XL standing for "export limited"[18]) Pipeline, would have connected the Phase I-pipeline terminals in Hardisty, Alberta, and Steele City, Nebraska, by a shorter route and a larger-diameter pipe.[19] It would have run through Baker, Montana, where American-produced light crude oil from the Williston Basin (Bakken formation) of Montana and North Dakota would have been added[12] to the Keystone's throughput of synthetic crude oil (syncrude) and diluted bitumen (dilbit) from the oil sands of Canada. It is unclear how much of the oil transported through the pipeline would have reached American consumers instead of being exported to other countries.[20]
The pipeline became well known when the proposed KXL extension attracted opposition from environmentalists with concerns about climate change and fossil fuels. In 2015, KXL was temporarily delayed by President Barack Obama. On January 24, 2017, President Donald Trump took action intended to permit the pipeline's completion. On January 20, 2021, President Joe Biden signed an executive order[21] to revoke the permit[22] that was granted to TC Energy Corporation for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline.[23][24]
^Cite error: The named reference TransCanada-PR20100630 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abc"Keystone Pipeline System". TransCanada. Archived from the original on May 9, 2015. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
^Cite error: The named reference TransCanada-PR20110208 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference TransCanada-PR20120727 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference TransCanada-PR20140122 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference TransCanada-HoustonStatus was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Koring, Paul (November 6, 2015). "Obama rejects TransCanada's Keystone XL Pipeline". The Globe and Mail. Archived from the original on January 20, 2016. Retrieved November 6, 2015.
^"TC Energy – Keystone XL Pipeline". www.tcenergy.com. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
^"Keystone XL pipeline project". www.alberta.ca.
^"Premier Kenney announces Keystone XL pipeline investment". Province of Alberta. March 31, 2020. Archived from the original on November 7, 2021.
^"TC Energy to Build Keystone XL Pipeline". NK Research Corp. Canadian Insider. March 31, 2020.
^ abUnited States Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (March 1, 2013). Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Keystone XL Project Applicant for Presidential Permit: TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, LP (SEIS) (PDF) (Report). United States Department of State. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
^"The link between Keystone XL and Canadian oilsands production" (PDF). Pembina Institute. April 2011.
^"C10418 CER – Letter and Order OPMO-005-2020 – TransCanada Keystone Pipeline GP Ltd. – Keystone XL Pipeline Project – Partial Leave to Open at the Keystone Hardisty Complex". Canadian Energy Regulator. December 15, 2020.
^"Keystone Pipeline". Calgary, Alberta, Canada: TransCanada Corporation. Archived from the original on January 16, 2013. Retrieved March 17, 2013.
^Cite error: The named reference spacedaily220114 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Short-Term Energy and Winter Fuels Outlook". US Energy Information Administration. Retrieved November 8, 2015.
^Rapier, Robert (November 19, 2013). "There's No Stopping the Oil Sands Train". Retrieved January 24, 2017.
^"Keystone XL Pipeline » Keystone XL 101". www.keystone-xl.com. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 23, 2019.
^Zionts, Arielle (March 17, 2022). "Canceled Keystone XL Pipeline project has final hearing in South Dakota". SDPB.
^"Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science To Tackle the Climate Crisis". Federal Register. 86: 7037. January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^"Authorizing TransCanada Keystone Pipeline, L.P., To Construct, Connect, Operate, and Maintain Pipeline Facilities at the International Boundary Between the United States and Canada". Federal Register. 84: 13,101. March 29, 2019. Retrieved January 24, 2021.
^Puko, Timothy (June 9, 2021). "Keystone XL Oil Project Abandoned by Developer". The Wall Street Journal. ISSN 0099-9660. Retrieved June 9, 2021.
^Brown, Matthew (June 9, 2021). "Keystone XL pipeline nixed after Biden stands firm on permit". AP News. Retrieved June 10, 2021.
The KeystonePipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada and the United States, commissioned in 2010 and owned by TC Energy and, as of March 2020...
South Dakota in 2017. A third pipeline, the 1,906 km-long Keystone XL Pipeline — which is an expansion of the KeystonePipeline System — began construction...
The KeystonePipeline oil spill occurred on December 7, 2022, when a leak in the KeystonePipeline released 14,000 barrels of oil into a creek in Washington...
a youth founder of the Dakota Access Pipeline protests. They have also protested against the KeystonePipeline, and were arrested for their non-violent...
attention on the KeystonePipeline. Steyer officially left Farallon in 2012. He was criticized by some Republicans for attacking the pipeline even though he...
Energy Corporation for the Keystone XL Pipeline (Phase 4). On June 9, 2021, TC Energy abandoned plans for the Keystone XL Pipeline. Since 2010, the North...
The Dakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) or Bakken pipeline is a 1,172-mile-long (1,886 km) underground pipeline in the United States that has the ability to...
White House as part of a sit-in to protest against the proposed Keystone oil pipeline from Alberta to the U.S. Gulf Coast. In a Huffington Post piece...
this bubble is coming to an end. He has stated his opposition to the KeystonePipeline on the basis of the ruinous environmental consequences that its construction...
Minister Joe Oliver lobbied in Washington, DC for approval of the Keystonepipeline extension intended to carry more synthetic crude oil from Canada's...
demanding President Obama order a halt to construction of the Keystone XL tar sands pipeline. Using flexi-ties to attach themselves to the White House, protesters...
states to adopt federal education standards, supports building the KeystonePipeline, supports government funding for the development of renewable energy...
early 2015. Tribal members were also among those who opposed the Keystone XL pipeline. In a letter to the Iowa Utilities Board, Tribal chairwoman Judith...
charge of the pipeline system and the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (TMX). TC Energy's KeystonePipeline System is an oil pipeline system in Canada...
Shimkus stated he would renew his support for the KeystonePipeline. The project would be an oil pipeline, bringing Canadian crude oil through the Midwest...
list of oil pipelines. Chad–Cameroon pipeline – Chad–Cameroon Sudeth pipeline – South Sudan–Ethiopia (under construction) Transnet Pipelines – South Africa...
members' pipelines in Canada, including those under construction or newly completed, such as the Trans Mountain pipeline, and TC Energy's KeystonePipeline expansion—Keystone...
The Trans Mountain Pipeline System, or simply the Trans Mountain Pipeline (TMPL), is a multiple product pipeline system that carries crude and refined...
district holding gun violence protests. Walters voted in support of the Keystone XL Pipeline Act (H.R. 3) in 2015. As an Assemblywoman, Walters endorsed Proposition...
from the original on 17 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018. "KeystonePipeline spill in South Dakota twice as big as first thought", Associated Press...
The following is a worldwide list of pipeline accidents. 2004: A major natural gas pipeline exploded in Ghislenghien, Belgium near Ath (50 km [ 31 mi ]...
"Donald Trump supports the Keystonepipeline". CNN. Retrieved June 16, 2016. Katie Sanders, CNN's Van Jones says Keystonepipeline only creates 35 permanent...
others were arrested while protesting the proposed extension of the KeystonePipeline. In 2012, she performed the role of Regan in an all-aboriginal production...
the KeystonePipeline, falsely asserting that it has never leaked and claiming that environmental risks have been exaggerated. The KeystonePipeline has...