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Coal liquefaction information


Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "Coal to X" or "Carbon to X", where X can be many different hydrocarbon-based products. However, the most common process chain is "Coal to Liquid Fuels" (CTL).[1]

  1. ^ Takao Kaneko, Frank Derbyshire, Eiichiro Makino, David Gray, Masaaki Tamura, Kejian Li (2012). "Coal Liquefaction". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a07_197.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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Coal liquefaction

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Coal liquefaction is a process of converting coal into liquid hydrocarbons: liquid fuels and petrochemicals. This process is often known as "Coal to X"...

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Liquefaction

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is the conversion of solid coal into a liquid form usable as a substitute for liquid fuels. In geology, soil liquefaction refers to the process by which...

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Synthetic fuel

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methanol to gasoline conversion,[better source needed] or direct coal liquefaction.[better source needed] There is a range of meanings for the terms...

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Coal

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Investment runs a coal liquefaction plant and plans to build 2 more. Coal liquefaction may also refer to the cargo hazard when shipping coal. Chemicals have...

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Secunda CTL

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Mpumalanga in South Africa. It uses coal liquefaction to produce petroleum-like synthetic crude oil from coal. The process used by Sasol is based on...

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Oil shale

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compared shale-based oil production unfavorably with coal liquefaction. The article portrayed coal liquefaction as less expensive, generating more oil, and creating...

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Albemarle Corporation

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division participates in the market for biofuels, gas to liquids, and coal liquefaction. The company is ranked 780th on the Fortune 1000 based on fiscal 2021...

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Sasol

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German chemists and engineers first developed in the early 1900s (see coal liquefaction). Today, Sasol develops and commercializes technologies, including...

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Health and environmental impact of the coal industry

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approximately 30 deaths per year due to mine accidents. Coal pollution mitigation Coal liquefaction Ende Gelände Fossil fuel phase-out Fossil fuel power...

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Diesel fuel

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Other sources include biomass, animal fat, biogas, natural gas, and coal liquefaction. Petroleum diesel, also called petrodiesel, fossil diesel, or mineral...

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CTL

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Circuit Total Limitation, US standard for electrical panels Coal to liquids, coal liquefaction Combat Tank, Light such as the Marmon-Herrington CTLS Commission...

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Hydrothermal liquefaction

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Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a thermal depolymerization process used to convert wet biomass, and other macromolecules, into crude-like oil under...

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Exxon donor solvent process

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(EDS) is a coal liquefaction process developed by Exxon Research and Engineering Company, starting in 1966. The process converts solid coal directly to...

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Coal preparation plant

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A coal preparation plant (CPP; also known as a coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP), coal handling plant, prep plant, tipple or wash plant) is a...

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Anthracite

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are black coal, hard coal, stone coal, dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), crow coal or craw coal, and black...

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Coal tar

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Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal. It is a type of creosote. It has both medical and...

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Coal mining

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Coal mining is the process of extracting coal from the ground or from a mine. Coal is valued for its energy content and since the 1880s has been widely...

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Mpumalanga

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proximity to the coal deposits. A coal liquefaction plant in Secunda (Secunda CTL) is one of the country's two petroleum-from-coal extraction plants...

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Coal in India

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Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 777.31 million metric tons (856...

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Coal combustion products

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Coal combustion products (CCPs), also called coal combustion wastes (CCWs) or coal combustion residuals (CCRs), are categorized in four groups, each based...

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Coal in Australia

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content Durie, R. "THE CHARACTERISTICS OF AUSTRALIAN COALS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS IN COAL LIQUEFACTION" (PDF). R.W. Miller & Co. Pty. Ltd. Archived (PDF)...

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Shenhua Group

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facilities that convert coal to products through indirect coal liquefaction and direct coal liquefaction. Shenhua's direct liquefaction plant was the largest...

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Liquefied natural gas

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after vaporization into a gaseous state, freezing and asphyxia. The liquefaction process involves removal of certain components, such as dust, acid gases...

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Jiang Mianheng

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research programs in alternative energy and other technologies: "coal liquefaction, electric cars, mobile phone networks, particle accelerators, spaceships...

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Coal gasification

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vapour (H2O)—from coal and water, air and/or oxygen. Historically, coal was gasified to produce coal gas, also known as "town gas". Coal gas is combustible...

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Bergius process

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Derbyshire, Eiichiro Makino, David Gray, Masaaki Tamura and Kejian Li "Coal Liquefaction" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2012, Wiley-VCH...

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