System involved in supplying a product or service to a consumer
Business logistics
Distribution methods
Distribution centers
Digital distribution
Order processing
Trade routes
Order fulfillment
Cross-docking
Sustainable distribution
Commercial vehicle
Distribution resource planning
Third-party logistics
Management systems
Packaging and labeling
Warehouse management system
Supply chain
Delivery (commerce)
Field inventory management
Inventory turnover
Stock keeping unit
Decision-making
Industry classification
Road transport
Maritime transport
Commercial aviation
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Supply and demand stacked in a conceptual chain.
A supply chain, sometimes expressed as a "supply-chain",[1] is a complex logistics system that consists of facilities that convert raw materials into finished products and distribute them[2] to end consumers[3] or end customers.[4] Meanwhile, supply chain management deals with the flow of goods within the supply chain in the most efficient manner.[5]
In sophisticated supply chain systems, used products may re-enter the supply chain at any point where residual value is recyclable. Supply chains link value chains.[6] Suppliers in a supply chain are often ranked by "tier", with first-tier suppliers supplying directly to the client, second-tier suppliers supplying to the first tier, and so on.[7]
The phrase "supply chain" may have been first published in a 1905 article in The Independent which briefly mentions the difficulty of "keeping a supply chain with India unbroken" during the British expedition to Tibet.[8]
^McKinsey & Company, Succeeding in the AI supply-chain revolution, published 30 April 2021, accessed 28 June 2023
^Ganeshan, R. and Harrison, T. P., An Introduction to Supply Chain Management, updated 22 May 2005, accessed 29 June 2023
^Ghiani, Gianpaolo; Laporte, Gilbert; Musmanno, Roberto (2004). Introduction to Logistics Systems Planning and Control. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 3–4. ISBN 9780470849170. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
^Cite error: The named reference harrison-godsell was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Kozlenkova, Irina; et al. (2015). "The Role of Marketing Channels in Supply Chain Management". Journal of Retailing. 91 (4): 586–609. doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2015.03.003. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
^Nagurney, Anna (2006). Supply Chain Network Economics: Dynamics of Prices, Flows, and Profits. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar. ISBN 978-1-84542-916-4.
^SCM Portal, Supplier Tiering Archived 2023-04-07 at the Wayback Machine, Procurement Glossary supplied by CIPS, accessed 11 July 2021
^"The Year at Home and Abroad". The Independent. 58 (2927): 7. January 5, 1905. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
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