Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin information

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxins also known as erythrogenic toxins, are exotoxins secreted by strains of the bacterial species Streptococcus pyogenes.^[1]^[2] SpeA and speC are superantigens, which induce inflammation by nonspecifically activating T cells and stimulating the production of inflammatory cytokines.^[3] SpeB, the most abundant streptococcal extracellular protein, is a cysteine protease.^[4]^[5] Pyrogenic exotoxins are implicated as the causative agent of scarlet fever and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.^[2] There is no consensus on the exact number of pyrogenic exotoxins. Serotypes A-C^{[clarification needed]} are the most extensively studied and recognized by all sources, but others note up to thirteen distinct types, categorizing speF through speM as additional superantigens.^[1]^[2]^[6]^[7] Erythrogenic toxins are known to damage the plasma membranes of blood capillaries under the skin and produce a red skin rash (characteristic of scarlet fever).^[8] Past studies have shown that multiple variants of erythrogenic toxins may be produced, depending on the strain of S. pyogenes in question. Some strains may not produce a detectable toxin at all.^[9] Bacteriophage T12 infection of S. pyogenes enables the production of speA, and increases virulence.^[10]

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Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin information

and 13 Related for: Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin information

Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin

Scarlet fever

Streptococcus pyogenes

Bacteriophage T12

Diphtheria toxin

Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Enterotoxin

Shiranee Sriskandan

RopB transcriptional regulator

Corynebacteriophage

Superantigen

Dennis Wallace Watson

Sepsis