Spacer DNA is a region of non-coding DNA between genes.[1][2] The terms intergenic spacer (IGS) or non-transcribed spacer (NTS) are used particularly for the spacer DNA between the many tandemly repeated copies of the ribosomal RNA genes.[3]
In bacteria, spacer DNA sequences are only a few nucleotides long. In eukaryotes, they can be extensive and include repetitive DNA, comprising the majority of the DNA of the genome.[3] In ribosomal DNA, there are spacers within and between gene clusters, called internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and external transcribed spacers (ETS), respectively. In animals, the mitochondrial DNA genes generally have very short spacers. In fungi, mitochondrial DNA spacers are common and variable in length, and they may also be mobile.[1]
Due to the non-coding nature of spacer DNA, its nucleotide sequence changes much more rapidly over time than nucleotide sequences coding for genes that are subject to selective forces. Although spacer DNA might not have a function that depends on its nucleotide sequence, it may have sequence-independent functions.[2]
Spacer DNA has practical applications that enable researchers and scientists to examine interactions between CRISPR proteins and bacteriophages.[4]
^ abRédei, G. P. (2008), Encyclopedia of Genetics, Genomics, Proteomics, and Informatics (3rd ed.), Springer, p. 1848
^ abSudbery, P. (2002), Human Molecular Genetics (2nd ed.), Pearson Education, pp. 35–36
^ abLackie, J. M., ed. (2007), The Dictionary of Cell & Molecular Biology (4th ed.), Burlington, MA: Academic Press, p. 394
^Bikard, David; Hatoum-Aslan, Asma; Mucida, Daniel; Marraffini, Luciano A. (2012-08-16). "CRISPR Interference Can Prevent Natural Transformation and Virulence Acquisition during In Vivo Bacterial Infection". Cell Host & Microbe. 12 (2): 177–186. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2012.06.003. ISSN 1931-3128. PMID 22901538.
SpacerDNA is a region of non-coding DNA between genes. The terms intergenic spacer (IGS) or non-transcribed spacer (NTS) are used particularly for the...
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) is the spacerDNA situated between the small-subunit ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and large-subunit rRNA genes in the chromosome...
Asthma spacer, medical equipment Orthodontic spacerSpacerDNA, in genetics Spacer in joint replacement Spacer, an element in HTML web design Spacers and...
Deoxyribonucleic acid (/diːˈɒksɪˌraɪboʊnjuːˌkliːɪk, -ˌkleɪ-/ ; DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to...
infrageneric groups in Viola (Violaceae) based on Internal Transcribed SpacerDNA sequences". Systematic Botany. 23 (4): 439. doi:10.2307/2419376. JSTOR 2419376...
measure 5.0–6.2 by 4.0–5.0 μm. Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacerDNA sequences indicate that L. ailaoshanensis is a unique lineage in the genus...
long-held beliefs notwithstanding. Analysis of internal transcribed spacerDNA sequence data has yielded valuable information on cinquefoil relationships...
within three to four years. Based on closeness of internal transcribed spacerDNA, the closest relative of G. morbida is G. fassatiae. The specific epithet...
are involved in spacer acquisition. Mutation studies confirmed this hypothesis, showing that removal of Cas1 or Cas2 stopped spacer acquisition, without...
Determined by Sequence Analysis of ITS and the Chloroplast trnL–trnF SpacerDNA". Systematic Botany. 26 (4): 797–807. doi:10.1043/0363-6445-26.4.797 (inactive...
molecular biology, DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical replicas of DNA from one original DNA molecule. DNA replication occurs...
20 nucleotide spacer region of the guide RNA (gRNA). If the DNA substrate is complementary to the guide RNA, Cas9 cleaves the invading DNA. In this sense...
sequence 5'-CCNGCDATNTCRTTRTCCATRTA-3'. The Intergenic Spacer (IGS) is the region of non-coding DNA between individual tandem repeats of the ribosomal gene...
and wood of Acacia. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacerDNA suggests that the fungus is a species distinct from close relatives such...
temperate distribution. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacerDNA has shown that the genus is monophyletic. High performance liquid chromatography...
measure 5.8–7.2 by 4.3–5.5 μm. Molecular analysis of internal transcribed spacerDNA sequences indicate that L. zonatus is a unique lineage in the genus Laetiporus...
closely related fungus is M. restricta, but the two internal transcribed spacerDNA sequences of these species differ by 6.4%, which meets the generally accepted...
DNA profiling (also called DNA fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) characteristics...
COX1) gene, found in mitochondrial DNA. Other genes suitable for DNA barcoding are the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA often used for fungi and...
an endonuclease found in some CRISPR systems that is used as part of the spacer acquisition stage. Cas4 is required for efficient prespacer processing by...
Molecular analysis based on the sequences of the internal transcribed spacerDNA of several Hydnellum species placed H. peckii as most closely related...
Environmental DNA or eDNA is DNA that is collected from a variety of environmental samples such as soil, seawater, snow or air, rather than directly sampled...
DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional...
olympianus f. luteifolius. Molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacerDNA regions demonstrated that this taxon was sufficiently distinct genetically...
the outer membrane, intermembrane space, inner membrane, cristae, and matrix. Although most of a eukaryotic cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus...
Infrageneric Groups in Viola (Violaceae) Based on Internal Transcribed SpacerDNA Sequences" (PDF). Systematic Botany. 23 (4): 439. doi:10.2307/2419376...
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