31 October – 9 December 1917 (1 month, 1 week and 2 days)
Location
Southern Palestine from the Mediterranean coast west of Gaza to the east of Beersheba then north to Jaffa and Jerusalem
Result
Allied victory
Territorial changes
Capture of 50 miles (80 km) of Ottoman territory
Belligerents
British Empire France Italy
Ottoman Empire German Empire
Commanders and leaders
Edmund Allenby
Erich von Falkenhayn Fevzi Pasha Friedrich von Kressenstein
Units involved
Egyptian Expeditionary Force
XX Corps
XXI Corps
Desert Mounted Corps
Yildirim Army Group
Seventh Army
German Asia Corps
Eighth Army
Casualties and losses
25,000
v
t
e
Theaters of World War I
Europe
Western Front
Eastern Front
Romania
Italy
Balkans
Serbia
Middle East
Caucasus
Persia
Gallipoli
Mesopotamia
Sinai & Palestine
Hejaz & Levant
South Arabia
Central Arabia
Africa
South West Africa
Togoland
Cameroon
East Africa
North Africa
Somaliland
Asia-Pacific
Tsingtao
Samoa
New Guinea
Central Asia
Naval theatres
U-boat
Atlantic
Mediterranean
v
t
e
Sinai and Palestine Campaign
Sinai
Suez Canal
El Tor
Jifjafa
Katia
Romani
Bir el Abd
Magdhaba
Nekhl
Bir el Hassana
Southern Palestine
Rafa
1st Gaza
2nd Gaza
1st Southern Palestine
Hafir el Auja railway
Buggar Ridge
2nd Southern Palestine
Beersheba
Khuweilfe
3rd Gaza
Hareira & Sheria
Wadi el Hesi
Huj
Mughar Ridge
Junction Station
Ayun Kara
Jerusalem
Nebi Samwil
Jaffa
El Burj
Judean Hills
Tell 'Asur
Berukin & 1st Arara
Transjordan
Jericho
Jordan Valley
1st Transjordan
Hijla
1st Amman
2nd Transjordan
Abu Tellul
3rd Transjordan
Jisr ed Damieh
2nd Amman
Northern Palestine
Arsuf
Megiddo
Sharon
Tulkarm
Tabsor
2nd Arara
Nazareth
Afulah & Beisan
Jenin
Haifa
Samakh
Tiberias
Nablus
Syria
Damascus
Irbid
Jisr Benat Yakub
Kaukab
Kiswe
Khan Ayash
Northern Syria
Aleppo
Haritan
Arab Revolt
Mecca
Medina
Taif
Yanbu
Aqaba
Wadi Musa
The Southern Palestine offensive, began on 31 October 1917, with the Battle of Beersheba, when the British Empire's Egyptian Expeditionary Force (EEF) under the Command of Field Marshall Edmund Allenby attacked Ottoman Empire forces at the Palestinian town of Beersheba during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, of World War I. After the capture of Beersheba, by the EEF, the Gaza to Beersheba line became increasingly weakened and, seven days later, the EEF successfully forced the Ottoman Turkish Empire's Seventh and Eighth Armies to withdraw. During the following seven days of pursuit, the Turkish forces were pushed back to Jaffa. There followed three weeks of hard fighting in the Judean Hills before Jerusalem was captured on 9 December 1917. During five and a half weeks of almost continuous offensive operations, the EEF captured 47.5 miles (76.4 km) of territory.
After a joint attack by the XX and the Desert Mounted Corps, Beersheba at the eastern end of the Gaza to Beersheba line, was captured. The next day, on 1 November, the Battle of Tel el Khuweilfe began, with an advance north of Beersheba into the Judean foothills, by the 53rd (Welsh) and the ANZAC Mounted Divisions. This move up the road from Beersheba to Jerusalem, also threatened Hebron and Bethlehem. Then, during the night of 1/2 November, the Third Battle of Gaza took place on the Mediterranean coast, when limited attacks by the XXI Corps were made against strongly held, formidable defences. The next day, the fiercely contested fighting south of Tel el Khuweilfe by the EEF was not designed to capture Hebron, but to create sufficient area for the deployment of the XX Corps, for a flank attack on the central defences of the old Gaza to Beersheba line. Fighting for the Beersheba to Jerusalem road, also encouraged the Turkish commanders to deploy their reserves, to hold the EEF threat. On 6 November the Battle of Hareira and Sheria was launched on the centre of the old line, half-way between Gaza and Beersheba, and Hareira was captured; but it was not until late the next day, that the Sheria position was finally captured by the 60th (London) Division, after a failed charge by the 4th Light Horse Brigade (Australian Mounted Division). The Seventh and the Eighth Armies were by now in full retreat from the remains of the old Gaza to Beersheba line.
On 7 November, the second day of the battle for Hareira and Sheria, the 52nd (Lowland) Division and the Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade advanced unopposed through Gaza to attack strong rearguard positions at Wadi el Hesi, which were captured the next day.
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