Order of colonial hydrozoans with differentiated zooids
Not to be confused with Siphonophorida.
Siphonophorae
(A) Rhizophysa eysenhardtii scale bar = 1 cm, (B) Bathyphysa conifera 2 cm, (C) Hippopodius hippopus 5 mm, (D) Kephyes hiulcus 2 mm (E) Desmophyes haematogaster 5 mm (F) Sphaeronectes christiansonae 2 mm, (G) Praya dubia 40 m (130 ft), (H) Apolemia sp. 1 cm, (I) Lychnagalma utricularia 1 cm, (J) Nanomia sp. 1 cm, (K) Physophora hydrostatica 5 mm
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Cnidaria
Class:
Hydrozoa
Subclass:
Hydroidolina
Order:
Siphonophorae Eschscholtz, 1829
Suborders[1]
Calycophorae
Cystonectae
Physonectae
Synonyms
Siphonophora Eschscholtz, 1829
Siphonophorae (from Greek siphōn 'tube' + pherein 'to bear'[2]) is an order within Hydrozoa, which is a class of marine organisms within the phylum Cnidaria. According to the World Register of Marine Species, the order contains 175 species described thus far.[3]
Siphonophores are highly polymorphic and complex organisms.[4] Although they may appear to be individual organisms, each specimen is in fact a colonial organism composed of medusoid and polypoid zooids that are morphologically and functionally specialized.[5] Zooids are multicellular units that develop from a single fertilized egg and combine to create functional colonies able to reproduce, digest, float, maintain body positioning, and use jet propulsion to move.[6] Most colonies are long, thin, transparent floaters living in the pelagic zone.[7]
Like other hydrozoans, some siphonophores emit light to attract and attack prey. While many sea animals produce blue and green bioluminescence, a siphonophore in the genus Erenna was only the second life form found to produce a red light (the first one being the scaleless dragonfish Chirostomias pliopterus).[8][9]
^Schuchert, P. (2019). "Siphonophorae". World Hydrozoa Database. Retrieved 2019-01-27 – via World Register of Marine Species.
^"Siphonophora". Lexico. Archived from the original on 2020-10-22. Retrieved 2020-03-10.
^Cite error: The named reference WoRMS was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Mackie, G. O.; Pugh, P. R.; Purcell, J. E. (1988-01-01), Blaxter, J. H. S.; Southward, A. J. (eds.), Siphonophore Biology, Advances in Marine Biology, vol. 24, Academic Press, pp. 97–262, doi:10.1016/s0065-2881(08)60074-7, ISBN 9780120261246, retrieved 2023-04-08
^Cite error: The named reference :7 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Dunn, Casey W. (December 2005). "Complex colony-level organization of the deep-sea siphonophore Bargmannia elongata (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) is directionally asymmetric and arises by the subdivision of pro-buds". Developmental Dynamics. 234 (4): 835–845. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20483. PMID 15986453. S2CID 8644671.
^Cite error: The named reference :4 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Siphonophorae (from Greek siphōn 'tube' + pherein 'to bear') is an order within Hydrozoa, which is a class of marine organisms within the phylum Cnidaria...
generally small, no more than a few centimeters across, but some in Siphonophorae can reach sizes of several meters. They may have a tree-like or fan-like...
can either be directly connected by tissue (e.g. corals, Catenulida, Siphonophorae, Pyrosome or Ectoprocta) or share a common exoskeleton (e.g. Bryozoa...
prominently throughout the book, including sea anemones as well as Siphonophorae, Semaeostomeae, and other medusae. The first set included Desmonema...
to Chile in the South Pacific. Praya dubia is a member of the order Siphonophorae within the class Hydrozoa. With a body length of up to 50 m (160 ft)...
Physalia is a genus of the order Siphonophorae, colonies of four specialized polyps and medusoids that drift on the surface of the Atlantic, Indian and...
has shown that three orders remain consistent as direct relatives: Siphonophorae, Anthoathecata, and Leptothecata. The phylum Cnidaria contains two clades:...
reported to have funded US$4,002,350 in loans. Bathyphysa conifera, a siphonophorae, has been called "Flying Spaghetti Monster" in reference to the FSM...
form more duplicating members of the colony. It belongs to the order Siphonophorae and the genus Marrus, which also includes M. antarcticus, M. claudanielis...
century by some, whereas other authors at the time included them in the Siphonophorae. A new order was established for these genera by Totton, in 1954, called...
computing Quorum sensing, collective behaviour of bacteria Stigmergy Siphonophorae Gaia Hypothesis Lüttge, Ulrich (ed.); Cánovas, Francisco M. (ed.); Matyssek...
mesopelagic siphonophore in the family Agalmatidae As with all members of the siphonophorae order, it is a colonial organism composed of individual zooids. N. bijuga...
been placed either in the Anthomedusae (also known as Athecata) or the Siphonophorae, and though many accepted Totton's placement, a considerable number...
documenting Dendrogramma, an invertebrate genus that was later classified as Siphonophorae of the family Rhodaliidae. Kristensen collected the first members of...
Hippopodius hippopus is a species of siphonophorae in the family Hippopodiidae. "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Hippopodius hippopus (Forsskål...
Cordagalmatidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Siphonophorae. Genera: Cardianecta Pugh, 2016 Cordagalma Totton, 1932 "Cordagalmatidae"...
The Abylidae are a family of marine invertebrates in the order Siphonophorae. They are colonial, but the colonies can superficially resemble jellyfish;...
capillata, commonly called the lion's mane jelly, as well as ctenophores, siphonophorae and other hydromedusae, including documented cases of cannibalism. Many...
Limnomedusae. However, their closest relatives are the highly advanced Siphonophorae, whereas the Limnomedusae are a rather primitive group, and not very...
fluorescence matches the wavelengths detected by their eye pigments. Siphonophorae is an order of marine animals from the phylum Hydrozoa that consist...
Pyrostephidae is a family of cnidarians belonging to the order Siphonophorae. Genera: Bargmannia Totton, 1954 Pyrostephos Moser, 1925 "Pyrostephidae"...
ridges at the apex. Species of the genus Lensia belong to the order Siphonophorae, composed of unique and highly specialized Zooids. Additionally, the...
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