Material with a continuous, unbroken crystal lattice
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Single crystal" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(February 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
Crystallization
Fundamentals
Crystal
Crystal structure
Nucleation
Concepts
Crystallization
Crystal growth
Recrystallization
Seed crystal
Protocrystalline
Single crystal
Methods and technology
Boules
Bridgman–Stockbarger method
Van Arkel–de Boer process
Czochralski method
Epitaxy
Flux method
Fractional crystallization
Fractional freezing
Hydrothermal synthesis
Kyropoulos method
Laser-heated pedestal growth
Micro-pulling-down
Shaping processes in crystal growth
Skull crucible
Verneuil method
Zone melting
v
t
e
In materials science, a single crystal (or single-crystal solid or monocrystalline solid) is a material in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample is continuous and unbroken to the edges of the sample, with no grain boundaries.[1] The absence of the defects associated with grain boundaries can give monocrystals unique properties, particularly mechanical, optical and electrical, which can also be anisotropic, depending on the type of crystallographic structure.[2] These properties, in addition to making some gems precious, are industrially used in technological applications, especially in optics and electronics.[3]
Because entropic effects favor the presence of some imperfections in the microstructure of solids, such as impurities, inhomogeneous strain and crystallographic defects such as dislocations, perfect single crystals of meaningful size are exceedingly rare in nature.[2] The necessary laboratory conditions often add to the cost of production. On the other hand, imperfect single crystals can reach enormous sizes in nature: several mineral species such as beryl, gypsum and feldspars are known to have produced crystals several meters across.[4][1]
The opposite of a single crystal is an amorphous structure where the atomic position is limited to short-range order only.[5] In between the two extremes exist polycrystalline, which is made up of a number of smaller crystals known as crystallites, and paracrystalline phases.[6] Single crystals will usually have distinctive plane faces and some symmetry, where the angles between the faces will dictate its ideal shape. Gemstones are often single crystals artificially cut along crystallographic planes to take advantage of refractive and reflective properties.[6]
^ ab""Reade Advanced Materials – Single Crystals"". Reade. Retrieved 2021-02-28.
^ abCite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
In materials science, a singlecrystal (or single-crystal solid or monocrystalline solid) is a material in which the crystal lattice of the entire sample...
microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions. In addition, macroscopic singlecrystals are usually identifiable by their...
A seed crystal is a small piece of singlecrystal or polycrystal material from which a large crystal of typically the same material is grown in a laboratory...
polycrystalline or singlecrystal ingots made by pulling from a molten melt. Singlecrystal ingots (called boules) of materials are grown (crystal growth) using...
Crystal twinning occurs when two or more adjacent crystals of the same mineral are oriented so that they share some of the same crystal lattice points...
of only one seed crystal should result in a larger singlecrystal. The interface between a crystal and its vapor can be molecularly sharp at temperatures...
songwriter, actress and radio host. After releasing her first single, "Eternal Memories" (1999), Crystal Kay gained fame for her third studio album, Almost Seventeen...
In crystallography, crystal structure is a description of the ordered arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in a crystalline material. Ordered structures...
industry. Large, flawless, singlecrystals are synthesized in an autoclave via the hydrothermal process. Like other crystals, quartz may be coated with...
A crystal oscillator is an electronic oscillator circuit that uses a piezoelectric crystal as a frequency-selective element. The oscillator frequency is...
Inconel, Waspaloy, Rene alloys, Incoloy, MP98T, TMS alloys, and CMSX singlecrystal alloys. Superalloy development relies on chemical and process innovations...
Liquid crystal (LC) is a state of matter whose properties are between those of conventional liquids and those of solid crystals. For example, a liquid...
Czochralski technique or Czochralski process, is a method of crystal growth used to obtain singlecrystals of semiconductors (e.g. silicon, germanium and gallium...
Monocrystalline silicon, more often called single-crystal silicon, in short mono c-Si or mono-Si, is the base material for silicon-based discrete components...
following the underlying crystal structure that causes the appearance of a six-rayed "star"-shaped pattern when viewed with a single overhead light source...
Crystal Castles was a Canadian electronic music group formed in 2006 in Toronto, Ontario, formed by songwriter-producer Ethan Kath and singer-songwriter...
A plastic crystal is a crystal composed of weakly interacting molecules that possess some orientational or conformational degree of freedom. The name plastic...
process for producing large singlecrystals of silicon carbide. Cree is the world leader in the growth of singlecrystal silicon carbide, mostly for electronics...
diffraction stands in contrast to singlecrystal diffraction techniques, which work best with a single, well-ordered crystal. The most common type of powder...
molecules are highly organized into a structure known as a crystal. Some ways by which crystals form are precipitating from a solution, freezing, or more...
Crystal skulls are human skull hardstone carvings made of clear or milky white quartz (also called "rock crystal"), claimed to be pre-Columbian Mesoamerican...
crystallography became commonly used for studying the crystal structure of polymorphs. Both singlecrystal x-ray diffraction and powder x-ray diffraction techniques...
of its hardness and resistance to weathering. The largest documented singlecrystal of corundum measured about 65 cm × 40 cm × 40 cm (26 in × 16 in × 16 in)...
Global Information
