DNA mutation with no observable effect on an organism's phenotype
Point substitution mutations of a codon, classified by their impact on protein sequence
Silent mutations are mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. They are a specific type of neutral mutation. The phrase silent mutation is often used interchangeably with the phrase synonymous mutation; however, synonymous mutations are not always silent, nor vice versa.[1][2][3][4][5] Synonymous mutations can affect transcription, splicing, mRNA transport, and translation, any of which could alter phenotype, rendering the synonymous mutation non-silent.[3] The substrate specificity of the tRNA to the rare codon can affect the timing of translation, and in turn the co-translational folding of the protein.[1] This is reflected in the codon usage bias that is observed in many species. Mutations that cause the altered codon to produce an amino acid with similar functionality (e.g. a mutation producing leucine instead of isoleucine) are often classified as silent; if the properties of the amino acid are conserved, this mutation does not usually significantly affect protein function.[6]
^ abKimchi-Sarfaty C, Oh JM, Kim IW, Sauna ZE, Calcagno AM, Ambudkar SV, Gottesman MM (January 2007). "A "silent" polymorphism in the MDR1 gene changes substrate specificity". Science. 315 (5811): 525–8. Bibcode:2007Sci...315..525K. doi:10.1126/science.1135308. PMID 17185560. S2CID 15146955.
^ abGoymer P (February 2007). "Synonymous mutations break their silence". Nature Reviews Genetics. 8 (2): 92. doi:10.1038/nrg2056. S2CID 29882152.
^Zhou T, Ko EA, Gu W, Lim I, Bang H, Ko JH (31 October 2012). "Non-silent story on synonymous sites in voltage-gated ion channel genes". PLOS ONE. 7 (10): e48541. Bibcode:2012PLoSO...748541Z. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0048541. PMC 3485311. PMID 23119053.
^Graur D (2003). "Single Base Mutation" (PDF). In Cooper DN (ed.). Nature Encyclopedia of the Human Genome. MacMillan. ISBN 978-0333803868.
^Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (2007). Molecular Biology of the Cell. Garland Science. p. 264. ISBN 978-1-136-84442-3.
Silentmutations are mutations in DNA that do not have an observable effect on the organism's phenotype. They are a specific type of neutral mutation...
non-conservative (missense) mutation. Silentmutations code for the same amino acid (a "synonymous substitution"). A silentmutation does not affect the functioning...
In biology, a mutation is an alteration in the nucleic acid sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA. Viral genomes contain...
phenotype. There are various forms of mutations that can occur in coding regions. One form is silentmutations, in which a change in nucleotides does...
substitutions and mutations affecting noncoding DNA are often considered silentmutations; however, it is not always the case that the mutation is silent. Since...
genetics, mutations in which natural selection does not affect the spread of the mutation in a species are termed neutral mutations. Neutral mutations that...
include all point mutations in the DNA of an organism. In particular, silentmutations are not point accepted mutations, nor are mutations that are lethal...
Mendel published. In his third law, he developed the basic principles of mutation (he can be considered a forerunner of Hugo de Vries). Festetics argued...
In genetics, a missense mutation is a point mutation in which a single nucleotide change results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid. It is...
single type of mutation; there are many different types of mutations. Mutation rates are given for specific classes of mutations. Point mutations are a class...
substitutions, which do not alter amino acid sequences and are (sometimes) silentmutations. As nonsynonymous substitutions result in a biological change in the...
to be clear when discussing mutations whether it is a somatic mutation or gemline mutation. In the case of silentmutations there isn't a change in fitness...
speciation). The genetic differences among divergent populations can involve silentmutations (that have no effect on the phenotype) or give rise to significant...
that errors in the third position of the triplet codon cause only a silentmutation or an error that would not affect the protein because the hydrophilicity...
very seldom advantageous. In most instances, they indicate a (non-silent) mutation, which is almost certain to be deleterious. It therefore behooves sexual...
sure that the introduced mutation will not affect the genetic function encoded by the sequence of interest. A silentmutation in the coding sequence is...
level of the gene that affect an organism's fitness. For example, silentmutations that do not change the corresponding amino acid sequence of a gene...
organism and thus increases the frequency of mutations above the natural background level. As many mutations can cause cancer in animals, such mutagens...
difference in acceptance rates between silentmutations that do not alter the meaning of a given codon and other mutations that result in a different amino...
selective pressure—that is, mutations of it have no deleterious effects to its host organism. If one copy of a gene experiences a mutation that affects its original...
Transversion, in molecular biology, refers to a point mutation in DNA in which a single (two ring) purine (A or G) is changed for a (one ring) pyrimidine...
necessarily fitter. Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silentmutations). Some mutations do not change the...
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