Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate telomerase activity. In mammals and other vertebrates, telomeric DNA consists of repeating double-stranded 5'-TTAGGG-3' (G-strand) sequences (2-15 kilobases in humans) along with the 3'-AATCCC-5' (C-strand) complement, ending with a 50-400 nucleotide 3' (G-strand) overhang.[1][2] Much of the final double-stranded portion of the telomere forms a T-loop (Telomere-loop) that is invaded by the 3' (G-strand) overhang to form a small D-loop (Displacement-loop).[1][3]
The absence of shelterin causes telomere uncapping and thereby activates damage-signaling pathways[4] that may lead to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), homology directed repair (HDR),[5] end-to-end fusions,[6] genomic instability,[6] senescence, or apoptosis.[7]
^ abde Lange, Titia (2010). "How Shelterin Solves the Telomere End-Protection Problem". Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 75: 167–77. doi:10.1101/sqb.2010.75.017. PMID 21209389. S2CID 18644661.
^Greider, Carol (1999). "Telomeres do D-loop-T-loop". Cell. 97 (4): 419–422. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80750-3. PMID 10338204.
^Zhu Y, Liu X, Geng X (2019). "Telomere and its role in the aging pathways: telomere shortening, cell senescence and mitochondria dysfunction". Biogerontology. 20 (1): 1–16. doi:10.1007/s10522-018-9769-1. PMID 30229407.
^Rodriguez, Raphaël; Müller, Sebastian; Yeoman, Justin A.; Trentesaux, Chantal; Riou, Jean-Françios; Balasubramanian, Shankar (2008). "A Novel Small Molecule That Alters Shelterin Integrity and Triggers a DNA-Damage Response at Telomeres". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 130 (47): 15758–59. doi:10.1021/ja805615w. PMC 2746963. PMID 18975896.
^ abJones M, Bisht K, Savage SA, Nandakumar J, Keegan CE, Maillard I (2016). "The shelterin complex and hematopoiesis". Journal of Clinical Investigation. 126 (3): 1621–1629. doi:10.1172/JCI84547. PMC 4855927. PMID 27135879.
^Palm W, de Lange T (2008). "How Shelterin Protects Mammalian Telomeres". Annual Review of Genetics. 42: 301–34. doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.41.110306.130350. PMID 18680434.
Shelterin (also called telosome) is a protein complex known to protect telomeres in many eukaryotes from DNA repair mechanisms, as well as to regulate...
by several proteins, collectively referred to as the shelterin complex. In humans, the shelterin complex consists of six proteins identified as TRF1,...
length at a rate of approximately 25 nucleotides per year. The telomere-shelterin complexes that cap all eukaryotic chromosomes ensure that healthy cells...
named shelterin, named for its function of protecting chromosome ends. The six shelterin subunits are: TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, Rap1, TPP1, and POT1. Shelterin subunits...
the functions that shelterin performs in vertebrates. At least four factors contribute to telomere maintenance: telomerase, shelterin, TERRA and the CST...
sequenced. The shelterin protein TPP1 is both necessary and sufficient to recruit the telomerase enzyme to telomeres, and is the only shelterin protein in...
is encoded by the TPP1 gene. TPP1 should not be confused with the TPP1 shelterin protein which protects telomeres and is encoded by the ACD gene. Mutations...
this protein functions as a member of a multi-protein complex known as shelterin, that binds to the TTAGGG repeats of telomeres, regulating telomere length...
that in humans is encoded by the TINF2 gene. TINF2 is a component of the shelterin protein complex found at the end of telomeres. TINF2 has been shown to...
cerevisiae is often diploid while S. pombe is usually haploid. S. pombe has a shelterin-like telomere complex while S. cerevisiae does not. S. cerevisiae is in...
telomerase-deficient mice is reverted when telomerase is reactivated. The shelterin protein complex regulates telomerase activity in addition to protecting...
TRF1-interacting nuclear factor 2, a major component of the telomere protecting shelterin complex, and individuals with the leukoencephalopathy with calcifications...
telomere maintenance primarily via association with the TERF2 protein of the shelterin complex. Additional studies have suggested that Nbs1 is a necessary component...
barque was en route from Wellington to Newcastle, New South Wales and took shelterin Cloudy Bay from a heavy storm raging in Cook Strait. In a thick mist,...
Global Information