1951 agreement between the Chinese and Tibetan governments
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Seventeen Point Agreement
Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
Tibetan plenipotentiaries signing the agreement
Signed
23 May 1951 (1951-05-23)
Location
Qinzheng Hall, Zhongnanhai, Beijing, China
Ratified
24 October 1951
Parties
Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China
Government of Tibet
Ratifiers
14th Dalai Lama
Languages
Chinese
Tibetan
Full text
The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the local government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful liberation of Tibet at Wikisource
Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet
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The Seventeen-Point Agreement, officially the Agreement of the Central People's Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet, was an agreement between the Tibetan Government and the People's Republic of China. It was signed by plenipotentiaries of the Central People's Government and the Tibetan Government on 23 May 1951, in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.[1] The 14th Dalai Lama ratified the agreement in the form of a telegraph on 24 October 1951.[2] The Agreement was legally reputiated by Tibet less than eight years later on 11 March 1959.[3]
After his arrival in India on 19 March, the 14th Dalai Lama further repudiated the agreement on 18 April 1959, when he issued a statement declaring that the agreement was made under duress,[4] and again reputiated the agreement on 20 June at a press conference. The Central Tibetan Administration, which was formed after 1960, considers the agreement invalid.[5]
Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme, who led the Tibetan delegation during the agreement's negotiations, reported that there was no duress involved.[6][7] The validity of the agreement continues to be a source of controversy.
^Goldstein & Rimpoche 1989, pp. 812–813.
^Grunfeld 1996, p. 107.
^Tibet and the Chinese People's Republic. Report to the International Commission of Jurists by the Legal Enquiry Committee on Tibet. ICJ: Geneva, 1960, p20.
^Lama 1959.
^Tibetan Parliament-in-Exile 2021.
^Pan 2014, p. 258: "阿沛：'大民族绝不压迫小民族...'" ["Ngapoi: 'A big ethnic group would never oppress a small ethnic group...'"]
^Luo 2017: "阿沛等在信中说：'目前进行和谈是个时机，共产党确无强迫命令的想法和作法，一切可以心平气和地进行商谈决定。'" ["Ngapoi and others said in the letter: 'It is now an opportune time for peace talks. The Communist Party does not have the desire to give coercive orders, and everything can be negotiated and decided calmly.'"]
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The Agreement of the Central People's Government and the local government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful liberation of Tibet at Wikisource
