Form of colonialism seeking population replacement with settlers
Boer nomads - Cape Colony, South Africa
Settler colonialism occurs when colonizers invade and occupy territory to permanently replace the existing society with the society of the colonizers.[1][2][3]
Settler colonialism is a form of exogenous domination typically organized or supported by an imperial authority, which maintains a connection or control to the territory through the settler's colonialism.[4] Settler colonialism contrasts with exploitation colonialism, which entails an economic policy of conquering territory to exploit its population as cheap or free labor and its natural resources as raw material. In this way, settler colonialism lasts indefinitely, except in the rare event of complete evacuation or settler decolonization.[5]
Settler colonialism was especially prominent in the colonial empires of the European powers between the 16th and 20th centuries. The settling of Boers[6] in South Africa, British,[7] French, Portuguese[8] and Spanish[9] expansion in the Americas as well as the settlement of the Canary Islands by Castile are classical examples of settler colonialism.[10][11]
^Carey, Jane; Silverstein, Ben (2 January 2020). "Thinking with and beyond settler colonial studies: new histories after the postcolonial". Postcolonial Studies. 23 (1): 1–20. doi:10.1080/13688790.2020.1719569. hdl:1885/204080. S2CID 214046615. The key phrases Wolfe coined here – that invasion is a 'structure not an event'; that settler colonial structures have a 'logic of elimination' of Indigenous peoples; that 'settlers come to stay' and that they 'destroy to replace' – have been taken up as the defining precepts of the field and are now cited by countless scholars across numerous disciplines.
^Cavanagh, Edward; Veracini, Lorenzo (2016). "Introduction". The Routledge Handbook of the History of Settler Colonialism. Taylor & Francis. p. 29. ISBN 978-1-134-82847-0. [Settler colonialism is] a system defined by unequal relationships (like colonialism) where an exogenous collective aims to locally and permanently replace indigenous ones (unlike colonialism), settler colonialism has no geographical, cultural or chronological bounds... It can happen at any time, and everyone is a settler if they are part of a collective and sovereign displacement that moves to stay, that moves to establish a permanent homeland by way of displacement.
^McKay, Dwanna L.; Vinyeta, Kirsten; Norgaard, Kari Marie (September 2020). "Theorizing race and settler colonialism within U.S. sociology". Sociology Compass. 14 (9). doi:10.1111/soc4.12821. ISSN 1751-9020. S2CID 225377069. Settler-colonialism describes the logic and operation of power when colonizers arrive and settle on lands already inhabited by another group. Importantly, settler colonialism operates through a logic of elimination, seeking to eradicate the original inhabitants through violence and other genocidal acts and to replace the existing spiritual, epistemological, political, social, and ecological systems with those of the settler society
^LeFevre, Tate. "Settler Colonialism". oxfordbibliographies.com. Tate A. LeFevre. Retrieved 19 October 2017. Though often conflated with colonialism more generally, settler colonialism is a distinct imperial formation. Both colonialism and settler colonialism are premised on exogenous domination, but only settler colonialism seeks to replace the original population of the colonized territory with a new society of settlers (usually from the colonial metropole).
^Cite error: The named reference Wolfe 2006 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference :5 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Free, Melissa (November 2018). "Settler Colonialism". Victorian Literature and Culture. 46 (3–4): 876–882. doi:10.1017/S1060150318001080. ISSN 1060-1503.
^Cartwright, Mark. "Portuguese Empire". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19 November 2023.
^Taylor, Lucy; Lublin, Geraldine (3 July 2021). "Settler colonial studies and Latin America". Settler Colonial Studies. 11 (3): 259–270. doi:10.1080/2201473X.2021.1999155. ISSN 2201-473X. S2CID 244740045.
^Cite error: The named reference Adhikari2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cite error: The named reference Adhikari2022 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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