The political situation in the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt (c. 1650 – c. 1550 BC)
Capital
Itjtawy c.1803 – 1677 BC 13th Dynasty
Avaris c.1725 – 1535 BC 14th and 15th Dynasties
Thebes c.1677 – 1600 BC 13th, 16th and 17th Dynasties
Abydos c.1650 – 1600 BC Abydos Dynasty
Religion
Ancient Egyptian religion
Demonym(s)
Egyptians and Hyksos
Government
Monarchy
Pharaoh
• c. 1701 – c. 1677 BC
Merneferre Ay (first)
• c. 1555 – c. 1550 BC
Kamose (last)
History
• approximately around the late 13th Dynasty
c. 1700
• The end of the 17th Dynasty of Egypt
1550 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
New Kingdom of Egypt
Part of a series on the
History of Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt
Predynastic Period
6000–3000 BC
Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period
3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom
2686–2181 BC
1st Intermediate Period
2181–2055 BC
Middle Kingdom
2055–1650 BC
2nd Intermediate Period
1650–1550 BC
New Kingdom
1550–1069 BC
3rd Intermediate Period
1069–664 BC
Late Period
664–332 BC
Greco-Roman Egypt
Argead dynasty
332–310 BC
Ptolemaic dynasties
310–30 BC
Roman and Byzantine Egypt
30 BC–641 AD
Sasanian Egypt
619–629
Medieval Egypt
Rashidun caliphate
641–661
Umayyad caliphate
661–750
Abbasid dynasty
750–935
Tulunid dynasty
868–905
Ikhshidid dynasty
935–969
Fatimid dynasty
969–1171
Ayyubid dynasty
1171–1250
Mamluk dynasty
1250–1517
Early modern Egypt
Ottoman Egypt
1517–1867
French occupation
1798–1801
Muhammad Ali dynasty
1805–1953
Khedivate of Egypt
1867–1914
Late Modern Egypt
British occupation
1882–1922
Sultanate of Egypt
1914–1922
Kingdom of Egypt
1922–1953
Republic
1953–present
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Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty
I
c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty
II
2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty
III
2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty
IV
2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty
V
2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty
VI
2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh Dynasty
VII
spurious
Eighth Dynasty
VIII
2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty
IX
2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty
X
2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
Late Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty
XII
1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty
XIII
1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth Dynasty
XIV
1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)
XV
1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty
XVI
1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty
1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty
XVII
1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty
XVIII
1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty
XIX
1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty
XX
1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first Dynasty
XXI
1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty
XXII
945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty
XXIII
837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty
XXIV
732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)
XXV
732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty
XXVI
672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)
XXVII
525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty
XXVIII
404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty
XXIX
398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty
XXX
380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)
XXXI
343–332
Hellenistic Egypt
Thirty-second Dynasty
XXXII
332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty
XXXIII
305–30
Roman Egypt
Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs)
XXXIV
30 BC – 313 AD
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt
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The Second Intermediate Period dates from 1700 to 1550 BC.[1]: 123 It marks a period when ancient Egypt was divided into smaller dynasties for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the start of the New Kingdom. The concept of a Second Intermediate Period generally includes the 13th through to the 17th dynasties, however there is no universal agreement in Egyptology about how to define the period.[2]
It is best known as the period when the Hyksos people of West Asia established the 15th Dynasty and ruled from Avaris, which, according to Manetho's Aegyptiaca, was founded by a king by the name of Salitis.[3] The settling of these people may have occurred peacefully, although later recounts of Manetho portray the Hyksos "as violent conquerors and oppressors of Egypt".[4]
The Turin King List from the time of Ramesses II remains the primary source for understanding the chronology and political history of the Second Intermediate Period, along with studying the typology of scarabs, beetle-shaped amulets mass-produced in Ancient Egypt and often inscribed with the names of rulers.[5]
^Van de Mieroop, Marc (2021). A history of ancient Egypt. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-119-62087-7. OCLC 1200833162.
^Von Beckerath 1964, Ryholt 1997
^"LacusCurtius • Manetho's History of Egypt — Book II".
^Cite error: The named reference :52 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
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