Memphis (c. 2181 BC – c. 2160 BC), Seventh Dynasty–Eighth Dynasty
Heracleopolis Magna (c. 2160 BC – c. 2050 BC), Ninth Dynasty–Tenth Dynasty
Thebes (c. 2134 BC – c. 2061 BC), Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt
Common languages
Ancient Egyptian
Religion
Ancient Egyptian religion
Government
Monarchy
Pharaoh
• c. 2181 BC
Menkare (first)
• c. 2069 BC – c. 2061 BC
Intef III (last; Theban) Merykare (last; Herakleopolitan)
History
• Began
c. 2181 BC
• Ended
c. 2055 BC
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Old Kingdom of Egypt
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
Today part of
Egypt
Part of a series on the
History of Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt
Predynastic Period
6000–3000 BC
Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period
3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom
2686–2181 BC
1st Intermediate Period
2181–2055 BC
Middle Kingdom
2055–1650 BC
2nd Intermediate Period
1650–1550 BC
New Kingdom
1550–1069 BC
3rd Intermediate Period
1069–664 BC
Late Period
664–332 BC
Greco-Roman Egypt
Argead dynasty
332–310 BC
Ptolemaic dynasties
310–30 BC
Roman and Byzantine Egypt
30 BC–641 AD
Sasanian Egypt
619–629
Medieval Egypt
Rashidun caliphate
641–661
Umayyad caliphate
661–750
Abbasid dynasty
750–935
Tulunid dynasty
868–905
Ikhshidid dynasty
935–969
Fatimid dynasty
969–1171
Ayyubid dynasty
1171–1250
Mamluk dynasty
1250–1517
Early modern Egypt
Ottoman Egypt
1517–1867
French occupation
1798–1801
Muhammad Ali dynasty
1805–1953
Khedivate of Egypt
1867–1914
Late Modern Egypt
British occupation
1882–1922
Sultanate of Egypt
1914–1922
Kingdom of Egypt
1922–1953
Republic
1953–present
Egypt portal
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Periods and dynasties of ancient Egypt
All years are BC
Early
Pre-dynastic period
First Dynasty
I
c. 3150–2890
Second Dynasty
II
2890–2686
Old Kingdom
Third Dynasty
III
2686–2613
Fourth Dynasty
IV
2613–2498
Fifth Dynasty
V
2498–2345
Sixth Dynasty
VI
2345–2181
First Intermediate
Seventh Dynasty
VII
spurious
Eighth Dynasty
VIII
2181–2160
Ninth Dynasty
IX
2160–2130
Tenth Dynasty
X
2130–2040
Early Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2134–2061
Middle Kingdom
Late Eleventh Dynasty
XI
2061–1991
Twelfth Dynasty
XII
1991–1803
Thirteenth Dynasty
XIII
1803–1649
Second Intermediate
Fourteenth Dynasty
XIV
1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)
XV
1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty
XVI
1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty
1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty
XVII
1580–1549
New Kingdom
Eighteenth Dynasty
XVIII
1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty
XIX
1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty
XX
1189–1077
Third Intermediate
Twenty-first Dynasty
XXI
1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty
XXII
945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty
XXIII
837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty
XXIV
732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)
XXV
732–653
Late Period
Twenty-sixth Dynasty
XXVI
672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)
XXVII
525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty
XXVIII
404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty
XXIX
398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty
XXX
380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)
XXXI
343–332
Hellenistic Egypt
Thirty-second Dynasty
XXXII
332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty
XXXIII
305–30
Roman Egypt
Thirty-fourth Dynasty (Roman Pharaohs)
XXXIV
30 BC – 313 AD
See also: List of pharaohs by period and dynasty Periodization of ancient Egypt
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The First Intermediate Period, described as a 'dark period' in ancient Egyptian history,[1] spanned approximately 125 years, c. 2181–2055 BC, after the end of the Old Kingdom.[2] It comprises the Seventh (although this is mostly considered spurious by Egyptologists), Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, and part of the Eleventh Dynasties. The concept of a "First Intermediate Period" was coined in 1926 by Egyptologists Georg Steindorff and Henri Frankfort.[3]
Very little monumental evidence survives from this period, especially from the beginning of the era. The First Intermediate Period was a dynamic time in which rule of Egypt was roughly equally divided between two competing power bases. One of the bases was at Heracleopolis in Lower Egypt, a city just south of the Faiyum region, and the other was at Thebes, in Upper Egypt.[4] It is believed that during that time, temples were pillaged and violated, artwork was vandalized, and the statues of kings were broken or destroyed as a result of the postulated political chaos.[5] The two kingdoms would eventually come into conflict, which would lead to the conquest of the north by the Theban kings and to the reunification of Egypt under a single ruler, Mentuhotep II, during the second part of the Eleventh Dynasty. This event marked the beginning of the Middle Kingdom of Egypt.
^Redford, Donald B. (2001). The Oxford encyclopedia of ancient Egypt. Vol. 1. Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press. p. 526.
^Kathryn A. Bard, An Introduction to the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt (Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2008), 41.
^Schneider, Thomas (27 August 2008). "Periodizing Egyptian History: Manetho, Convention, and Beyond". In Klaus-Peter Adam (ed.). Historiographie in der Antike. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 181–197. ISBN 978-3-11-020672-2.
^Gardiner, Alan (1961) Egypt of the Pharaohs (Oxford University Press), 107–109.
^Breasted, James Henry (1923). A History of the Ancient Egyptians. Charles Scribner's Sons, 133.
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