Period in ancient Egyptian history (c. 1550 BCE–1069 BCE)
"New Kingdom" redirects here. For other uses, see New Kingdom (disambiguation).
New Kingdom of Egypt
c. 1550-1544 BC–c. 1069 BC
Egyptian territory under the New Kingdom, c. 15th century BC
Capital
Thebes c. 1550–1352 BC Dynasty XVII and Dynasty XVIII (until Akhenaten)
Amarna c. 1352–1336 BC Akhenaten of Dynasty XVIII
Thebes c. 1336–1279 BC Dynasty XVIII and Dynasty XIX (until Ramesses II)
Pi-Ramesses c. 1279–1213 BC Ramesses II of Dynasty XIX
Memphis c. 1213–1069 BC Dynasty XIX (from Merneptah) and Dynasty XX
Common languages
Egyptian, Nubian, Canaanite, Amorite
Religion
Egyptian religion
Atenism (during the Amarna Period)
Government
Divine absolute monarchy
Pharaoh
• c. 1550 – 1525 BC
Ahmose I (first)
• c. 1107 – 1077 BC
Ramesses XI (last)
History
• Rise
c. 1550-1544 BC
• Downfall
c. 1069 BC
Population
• c. 13th century BCE
3[1] to 5[2] million
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Second Intermediate Period of Egypt
Third Intermediate Period of Egypt
Part of a series on the
History of Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt
Predynastic Period
6000–3000 BC
Ancient Egypt
Early Dynastic Period
3150–2686 BC
Old Kingdom
2686–2181 BC
1st Intermediate Period
2181–2055 BC
Middle Kingdom
2055–1650 BC
2nd Intermediate Period
1650–1550 BC
New Kingdom
1550–1069 BC
3rd Intermediate Period
1069–664 BC
Late Period
664–332 BC
Greco-Roman Egypt
Argead dynasty
332–310 BC
Ptolemaic dynasties
310–30 BC
Roman and Byzantine Egypt
30 BC–641 AD
Sasanian Egypt
619–629
Medieval Egypt
Rashidun caliphate
641–661
Umayyad caliphate
661–750
Abbasid dynasty
750–935
Tulunid dynasty
868–905
Ikhshidid dynasty
935–969
Fatimid dynasty
969–1171
Ayyubid dynasty
1171–1250
Mamluk dynasty
1250–1517
Early modern Egypt
Ottoman Egypt
1517–1867
French occupation
1798–1801
Muhammad Ali dynasty
1805–1953
Khedivate of Egypt
1867–1914
Late Modern Egypt
British occupation
1882–1922
Sultanate of Egypt
1914–1922
Kingdom of Egypt
1922–1953
Republic
1953–present
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The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian nation between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC. This period of ancient Egyptian history covers the Eighteenth, Nineteenth, and Twentieth Dynasties. Through radiocarbon dating, the establishment of the New Kingdom has been placed between 1570 BC and 1544 BC.[3] The New Kingdom followed the Second Intermediate Period and was succeeded by the Third Intermediate Period. It was the most prosperous time for the Egyptian people and marked the peak of Egypt's power.[4]
In 1845, the concept of a "New Kingdom" as one of three "golden ages" was coined by German scholar Baron von Bunsen; the original definition would evolve significantly throughout the 19th and 20th centuries.[5] The later part of this period, under the Nineteenth Dynasty (1295–1189 BC) and the Twentieth Dynasty (1189–1069 BC), is also known as the Ramesside period. It is named after the eleven pharaohs who took the name Ramesses, after Ramesses I, the founder of the Nineteenth Dynasty, and his grandson Ramesses II, its longest-reigning monarch.[4]
Possibly as a result of the foreign rule of the Hyksos during the Second Intermediate Period, the New Kingdom saw a historic expansion into the Levant, thus marking Egypt's greatest territorial extent. Similarly, in response to attacks by the Kushites, who led raids into Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period,[6][7] the rulers of the New Kingdom felt compelled to expand far into Nubia and to hold wider territories in the Near East, particularly on the Levantine frontier.
^Alan K. Bowman (22 October 2020). "Ancient Egypt". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
^Steven Snape (16 March 2019). "Estimating Population in Ancient Egypt". Retrieved 5 January 2021.
^Ramsey, Christopher Bronk; Dee, Michael W.; Rowland, Joanne M.; Higham, Thomas F. G.; Harris, Stephen A.; Brock, Fiona; Quiles, Anita; Wild, Eva M.; Marcus, Ezra S.; Shortland, Andrew J. (2010). "Radiocarbon-Based Chronology for Dynastic Egypt". Science. 328 (5985): 1554–1557. Bibcode:2010Sci...328.1554R. doi:10.1126/science.1189395. PMID 20558717. S2CID 206526496.
^ abShaw, Ian, ed. (2000). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
^Schneider, Thomas (27 August 2008). "Periodizing Egyptian History: Manetho, Convention, and Beyond". In Klaus-Peter Adam (ed.). Historiographie in der Antike. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 181–197. ISBN 978-3-11-020672-2.
^Davies, Vivian (2003). "Sobeknakht of Elkab and the coming of Kush". Egyptian Archaeology. 23: 3–6.
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African kingdoms. The civilizations usually include Egypt, Carthage, Axum, Numidia, and Nubia, but may also be extended to the prehistoric Land of Punt and...
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