President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced the plan for a bill of social and economic rights in the State of the Union address of January 11, 1944 (filmed excerpt).
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The Second Bill of Rights or Bill of Economic Rights was proposed by United States President Franklin D. Roosevelt during his State of the Union Address on Tuesday, January 11, 1944.[1] In his address, Roosevelt suggested that the nation had come to recognise and should now implement, a second "bill of rights". Roosevelt argued that the "political rights" guaranteed by the Constitution and the Bill of Rights had "proved inadequate to assure us equality in the pursuit of happiness". His remedy was to declare an "economic bill of rights" to guarantee these specific rights:
Employment (right to work[notes 1])
An adequate income for food, shelter, and recreation
Farmers' rights to a fair income
Freedom from unfair competition and monopolies
Decent housing
Adequate medical care
Social security
Education
These rights have come to be known as economic rights; although not to be enshrined within the constitution, the hope of advocating the policy was that it would be 'encoded and guaranteed by federal law'.[2] Roosevelt stated that having such rights would guarantee American security and that the United States' place in the world depended upon how far the rights had been carried into practice. This safety has been described as a state of physical welfare, as well as "economic security, social security, and moral security" by American legal scholar Cass Sunstein.[3] Roosevelt pursued a legislative agenda to enact his second bill of rights by lending Executive Branch personnel to key Senate committees. This tactic, effectively a blending of powers, produced mixed results and generated a backlash from Congress which resulted in passage of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946. This Act provided funding for Congress to establish its own staffing for committees.[4]
^"A Second Bill of Rights". Franklin Delano Roosevelt Foundation. Retrieved November 4, 2019.
^Chuman, Joe (May 2020). "A Second Bill of Rights". ethical.nyc. Retrieved December 18, 2020.
^Sunstein, Cass (June 2004). "We Need to Reclaim the Second Bill of Rights". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 50: B9–B10. ProQuest 214695439.
^Farley, Bill (January 25, 2021). "Blending Powers: Hamilton, FDR, and the Backlash That Shaped Modern Congress". Journal of Policy History. 33 (1): 60–92. doi:10.1017/S089803062000024X. ISSN 0898-0306. S2CID 231694131.
Cite error: There are <ref group=notes> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=notes}} template (see the help page).
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