For the itching dermatitis referred to as "sea lice", see Seabather's eruption.
Sea lice
Male and female Lepeophtheirus salmonis
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Copepoda
Order:
Siphonostomatoida
Family:
Caligidae Burmeister, 1834 [1]
Genera [2]
Abasia C. B. Wilson, 1908
Alanlewisia Boxshall, 2008
Alebion Krøyer, 1863
Alicaligus Shiino, 1955
Anchicaligus Stebbing, 1900
Anuretes Heller, 1865
Arrama Dojiri & Cressey, 1991
Avitocaligus Boxshall & Justine, 2005
Belizia Cressey, 1990
Caligodes Heller, 1865
Caligus O. F. Müller, 1785
Calistes Dana, 1852
Caritus Cressey, 1967
Cresseyella Bezdek & Cressey, 2004
Dartevellia Brian, 1939
Diphyllogaster Brian, 1899
Echetus Kroyer, 1863
Euryphorus H. Milne-Edwards, 1840
Gloiopotes Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Hermilius Heller, 1865
Indocaligus Pillai, 1961
Kabataella Prabha & Pillai, 1983
Lepeophtheirus von Nordmann, 1832
Mappates Rangnekar, 1958
Markevichus Özdikmen, 2008
Paralebion C. B. Wilson, 1911
Parapetalus Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Parechetus Pillai, 1962
Pseudanuretes Yamaguti, 1936
Pseudechetus Prabha & Pillai, 1979
Pseudocaligus A. Scott, 1901
Pseudolepeophtheirus Markevich, 1940
Pupulina Beneden, 1892
Sciaenophilus Beneden, 1852
Synestius Steenstrup & Lütken, 1861
Tuxophorus C. B. Wilson, 1908
Synonyms
Euryphoridae
Sea lice (singular: sea louse) are copepods (small crustaceans) of the family Caligidae within the order Siphonostomatoida. They are marine ectoparasites (external parasites) that feed on the mucus, epidermal tissue, and blood of host fish. The roughly 559 species in 37 genera include around 162 Lepeophtheirus and 268 Caligus species.
The genera Lepeophtheirus and Caligus parasitize marine fish, in particular those species that have been recorded on farmed salmon. Lepeophtheirus salmonis and various Caligus species are adapted to salt water and are major ectoparasites of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon. Several antiparasitic drugs have been developed for control purposes. L. salmonis is the best understood in the areas of its biology and interactions with its salmon host.
Caligus rogercresseyi has become a major parasite of concern on salmon farms in countries including Chile[3] and Scotland.[4] Studies are under way to gain a better understanding of the parasite and the host-parasite interactions. Recent evidence is also emerging that L. salmonis in the Atlantic has sufficient genetic differences from L. salmonis from the Pacific to suggest that Atlantic and Pacific L. salmonis may have independently co-evolved with Atlantic and Pacific salmonids respectively.[5]
^Cite error: The named reference Ahyong was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^T. Chad Walter & Geoff Boxshall (2011). Walter TC, Boxshall G (eds.). "Caligidae". World of Copepods database. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
^S. Bravo (2003). "Sea lice in Chilean salmon farms". Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists. 23 (4): 197–200.
^Ungoed-Thomas, Jon (16 September 2023). "'Monstrous' sea lice and jellyfish invasions blighting Scottish salmon farms". The Guardian.
^R. Yazawa; M. Yasuike; J. Leong; K. R. von Schalburg; G. A. Cooper; M. Beetz-Sargent; A. Robb; W. S. Davidson; S. R. Jones; B. F. Koop (2008). "EST and mitochondrial DNA sequences support a distinct Pacific form of salmon louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis". Marine Biotechnology. 10 (6): 741–749. doi:10.1007/s10126-008-9112-y. PMID 18574633.
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numbers of sea lice, but small, thin-skinned juvenile salmon migrating to sea are highly vulnerable. On the Pacific coast of Canada, the louse-induced mortality...
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when an infected fish is eaten by a marine mammal, such as a whale, seal, sea lion, dolphin or another animal like a seabird or shark. The nematode excysts...
Pacific Ocean, from Hokkaidō, Japan and eastern Russia, around the Bering Sea to mainland Alaska, and south to Monterey Bay, California. Coho salmon have...
numbers of sea lice, but small, thin-skinned juvenile salmon migrating to sea are highly vulnerable. On the Pacific coast of Canada, the louse-induced mortality...
the sea lice. Emamectin has shown efficacy against all life-cycle stages of Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Salmon louse) and Caligus elongatus (Sealouse), preventing...
from terrestrial dust storms and oceanic plankton swept into the air by sea spray. Though many planktonic species are microscopic in size, plankton includes...
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its proximity to an already infected farm. The Lepeophtheirus salmonis sealouse, a small crustacean parasite that attacks the protective mucus, scales...
Isopoda. They get their name from often being found in old wood, and from louse, a parasitic insect, although woodlice are neither parasitic nor insects...
metacercariae, for instance on aquatic plants. Humans as well as larger sea creatures get infected when they eat these plants. When they infect humans...
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural...
can survive spawning and return to sea to repeat the process again in another year with 5-10% returning to the sea to spawn again. Such individuals can...
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(Hokkaido) in the south to the Arctic Ocean as far as the East Siberian Sea and Palyavaam River in the north. Nevertheless, they are consistently present...
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