Menbrane-bound structure in muscle cells for storing calcium
A cartoon section of skeletal muscle, showing T-tubules running deep into the centre of the cell between two terminal cisternae/junctional SR. The thinner projections, running horizontally between two terminal cisternae are the longitudinal sections of the SR.
The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a membrane-bound structure found within muscle cells that is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells. The main function of the SR is to store calcium ions (Ca2+). Calcium ion levels are kept relatively constant, with the concentration of calcium ions within a cell being 10,000 times smaller than the concentration of calcium ions outside the cell.[1] This means that small increases in calcium ions within the cell are easily detected and can bring about important cellular changes (the calcium is said to be a second messenger). Calcium is used to make calcium carbonate (found in chalk) and calcium phosphate, two compounds that the body uses to make teeth and bones. This means that too much calcium within the cells can lead to hardening (calcification) of certain intracellular structures, including the mitochondria,[2] leading to cell death. Therefore, it is vital that calcium ion levels are controlled tightly, and can be released into the cell when necessary and then removed from the cell.
^Bronner, F. (2003) ‘Extracellular and intracellular regulation of calcium homeostasis’, TheScientificWorldJournal., 1, pp. 919–25.
^Trump, B., Berezesky, I., Laiho, K., Osornio, A., Mergner, W. and Smith, M. (1980) ‘The role of calcium in cell injury. A review’, Scanning electron microscopy., pp. 437–62.
and 28 Related for: Sarcoplasmic reticulum information
The sarcoplasmicreticulum (SR) is a membrane-bound structure found within muscle cells that is similar to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in other cells...
the sarcoplasmicreticulum, calcium ions interact with contractile proteins that utilize ATP to shorten the muscle fiber. The sarcoplasmicreticulum plays...
SERCA, or sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, or SR Ca2+-ATPase, is a calcium ATPase-type P-ATPase. Its major function is to transport calcium...
connection of transverse- tubules (t-tubules) and the junctional sarcoplasmicreticulum (jSR). Like skeletal muscle contractions, Calcium (Ca2+) ions are...
(sarcolemma), and a smooth endoplasmic reticulum (specialized for muscle function and called the sarcoplasmicreticulum). While sarcoplasm and myoplasm, viewed...
slower, the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase (SERCA) actively pumps Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmicreticulum, resulting in a permanent relaxation...
not have smooth endoplasmic cisternae, it contains sarcoplasmicreticulum. The sarcoplasmicreticulum surrounds the myofibrils and holds a reserve of the...
channel releases calcium from a cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmicreticulum, during every heartbeat. CPVT is often diagnosed from an ECG recorded...
ion is calcium (Ca2+), which can be found inside the cell in the sarcoplasmicreticulum (SR) where calcium is stored, and is also found outside of the cell...
network of the sarcoplasmicreticulum, in which each T-tubule has two terminal cisternae on each side of it. The sarcoplasmicreticulum serves as a reservoir...
calcium within muscle cells is controlled by the sarcoplasmicreticulum, a unique form of endoplasmic reticulum in the sarcoplasm. Muscle cells are stimulated...
confused, however, with catecholamine-induced calcium uptake into the sarcoplasmicreticulum, which increases lusitropy. Increased catecholamine levels promote...
calcium buffer within the sarcoplasmicreticulum. The protein helps hold calcium in the cisterna of the sarcoplasmicreticulum after a muscle contraction...
required for each cycle of the sarcomere. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmicreticulum into the sarcomere when a muscle is stimulated to contract. This...
cascade that leads to increased intracellular calcium from the sarcoplasmicreticulum through IP3-mediated calcium release, as well as enhanced calcium...
cisternae (singular: terminal cisterna) are enlarged areas of the sarcoplasmicreticulum surrounding the transverse tubules. Terminal cisternae are discrete...
release of calcium from the cell's internal calcium store, the sarcoplasmicreticulum. The rise in calcium causes the cell's myofilaments to slide past...
human gene associated with the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmicreticulum triggering muscular contraction through calcium-induced calcium...
Calcium is released into the cytosol due to the deterioration of the sarcoplasmicreticulum. Also, the breakdown of the sarcolemma causes additional calcium...
t-tubule meets with the sarcoplasmicreticulum at locations throughout the muscle fiber, at these locations the sarcoplasmicreticulum releases calcium ions...
of cardiac muscle sarcoplasmicreticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2) which transports calcium from cytosol into the sarcoplasmicreticulum. When phosphorylated...
receptors mediate the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmicreticulum and endoplasmic reticulum, an essential step in muscle contraction. In skeletal...
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 1 (SERCA1) also known as Calcium pump 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A1 gene. This...
fiber. In normal muscle contraction, calcium is released from the sarcoplasmicreticulum through the ryanodine receptor channel, which causes the tension-generating...
Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase 3 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ATP2A3 gene. This gene encodes one of the SERCA Ca2+-ATPases...
B; Hasselbach, W (1985). "Thyroxine induced transformation in sarcoplasmicreticulum of rabbit soleus and psoas muscles". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung...
Global Information