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Sandawe
Sàndàwé kì’ìng
Pronunciation
[sàndàwékìʔìŋ]
Native to
Tanzania
Region
Rift Valley
Ethnicity
Sandawe
Native speakers
60,000 (2013)[1]
Language family
Language isolate, possibly related to the Khoe–Kwadi languages
Language codes
ISO 639-2
sad
ISO 639-3
sad
Glottolog
sand1273
ELP
Sandawe
Distribution of the Sandawe language (grey) in Tanzania
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Sandawe is a language spoken by about 60,000 Sandawe people in the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. Sandawe's use of click consonants, a rare feature shared with only two other languages of East Africa – Hadza and Dahalo, had been the basis of its classification as a member of the defunct Khoisan family of Southern Africa since Albert Drexel in the 1920s. Recent investigations however (Güldemann 2010) suggest that Sandawe may be related to the Khoe family regardless of the validity of Khoisan as a whole. A discussion of Sandawe's linguistic classification can be found in Sands (1998).
Language use is vigorous among both adults and children, with people in some areas monolingual. Sandawe has two dialects, northwest and southeast. Differences include speaking speed, vowel dropping, some word taboo, and minor lexical and grammatical differences. Some Alagwa have shifted to Sandawe, and are considered a Sandawe clan.
SIL International began work on Sandawe in 1996 and to date (2004), Daniel and Elisabeth Hunziker and Helen Eaton continue to work on the analysis of the language. They have so far produced a phonological description, a dialect survey report and several papers on aspects of grammar. Sandawe is also currently (since 2002) studied by Sander Steeman of Leiden University.
Sandawe is a language spoken by about 60,000 Sandawe people in the Dodoma Region of Tanzania. Sandawe's use of click consonants, a rare feature shared...
the Sandawe population was estimated to be 40,000. The Sandawelanguage is a tonal language that uses click consonants, as do the Khoe languages of southern...
speakers are the Khoikhoi and the San (Bushmen). Two languages of east Africa, those of the Sandawe and Hadza, originally were also classified as Khoisan...
Sandawe may refer to: Sandawe people, of central Tanzania Sandawelanguage, spoken by the Sandawe people This disambiguation page lists articles associated...
producing what may be the loudest consonants in the language, although in some languages such as Hadza and Sandawe, clicks can be more subtle and may even be mistaken...
operates in the Khoe languages but not in Sandawe, is taken into account. Language classifications may list one or two dozen Khoe languages. Because many are...
and Botswana, as well as Sandawe and Hadza of Tanzania, which are language isolates. A striking feature of Khoisan languages, and the reason they are...
Latin ⟨q⟩ of Bantu convention. Khoekhoe and most Bushman languages use the former; Naro, Sandawe, and Zulu use the latter. Features of postalveolar clicks:...
populations, respectively. Additionally, the Hadza and Sandawe hunter-gatherers speak languages with click consonants, which have tentatively been classified...
that appears allophonically in the release of alveolar clicks in the Sandawelanguage of Tanzania. Index of phonetics articles Manner of articulation Van...
lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless...
/k/ in keen or cube) are sometimes referred to as palatovelars. Many languages also have labialized velars, such as [kʷ], in which the articulation is...
either Sandawe or the other putative Khoisan languages, and many of the ones that have been proposed appear doubtful. The links with Sandawe, for example...
A language isolate is a language that has no demonstrable genetic relationship with another language. Basque in Europe, Ainu in Asia, Sandawe in Africa...
("Kwadi–Khoe"), and more speculatively with the Sandawelanguage of Tanzania ("Khoe–Sandawe"). The Hadza language of Tanzania has been associated with the Khoisan...
palatal lateral affricate is a rare consonantal sound, found in the Sandawelanguage. There are two ways it can be represented: traditional IPA ⟨ɟ͜ʎ̝⟩ or...
(Alaagwa’isa) is a Cushitic language spoken in Tanzania in the Dodoma region. Some Alagwa have shifted to other languages such as Sandawe. Alagwa has five vowels...
other Nilo-Saharan languagesSandawe, Hadza, and the Khoisan families of southern Africa Itelmen of the Chukotko-Kamchatkan languages Yapese and Waima'a...
a minimal number with Sandawe." He quotes 8 potentially similar words between Oropom and Hadza, and 4 between Oropom and Sandawe. Harold Fleming also notes...
Consciously devised language Endangered language – Language that is at risk of going extinct Ethnologue#Language families Extinct language – Language that no longer...
ejective affricate is a rare type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this...
linguistic names. Language portal Constructed language and List of constructed languagesLanguage (for information about language in general) Language observatory...
affricates. It is suspected that the Dahalo may have once spoken a Sandawe- or Hadza-like language, and that they retained clicks in some words when they shifted...
branch, with its divergence explained by contact with Hadza- and Sandawe-like languages. Hetzron (1980) and Fleming (post-1981) exclude Beja altogether...
2023-03-18. Raa, Eric Ten. “The Moon as a Symbol of Life and Fertility in Sandawe Thought.” Africa: Journal of the International African Institute, vol....
Saan languages use the former; Naro, Sandawe, and Zulu use the latter. The specific articulation of lateral clicks may vary from language to language, from...
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