Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives information
Consonantal sounds represented by ⟨ɬ⟩ in IPA
Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative
ɬ
IPA Number
148
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)
ɬ
Unicode (hex)
U+026C
X-SAMPA
K
Braille
Image
Preview warning: Page using Template:Infobox IPA with unknown parameter "kirshenbaum"
Voiceless alveolar lateral approximant
l̥
IPA Number
155 402A
Encoding
X-SAMPA
l_0
voiceless velarized alveolar lateral approximant
ɫ̥
The voiceless alveolar lateral fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents voiceless dental, alveolar, and postalveolar lateral fricatives is [ɬ], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is K.
The symbol [ɬ] is called "belted l" and is distinct from "l with tilde", [ɫ], which transcribes a different sound – the velarized (or pharynɡealized) alveolar lateral approximant, often called "dark L".[1]
Some scholars also posit the voiceless alveolar lateral approximant distinct from the fricative.[2] More recent research distinguishes between "turbulent" and "laminar" airflow in the vocal tract.[3] Ball & Rahilly (1999) state that "the airflow for voiced approximants remains laminar (smooth), and does not become turbulent".[4] The approximant may be represented in the IPA as ⟨l̥⟩.
In Sino-Tibetan language group,
Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) argue that Burmese and Standard Tibetan have voiceless lateral approximants [l̥] and Li Fang-Kuei & William Baxter contrast apophonicaly the voiceless alveolar lateral approximant from its voiced counterpart in the reconstruction of Old Chinese. Scholten (2000) harvcoltxt error: no target: CITEREFScholten2000 (help) includes the voiceless velarized alveolar lateral approximant [ɫ̥].
However, the voiceless dental & alveolar lateral approximant is constantly found as an allophone of its voiced counterpart in British English and Philadelphia English[5][6][7] after voiceless coronal and labial stops, who is velarized before back vowels, the allophone of [l] after voiceless dorsal and laryngeal stops is most realized as a voiceless velar lateral approximant.[8] See English phonology.
^"Dark L". home.cc.umanitoba.ca. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
^Pike (1943), pp. 71, 138–9. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFPike1943 (help)
^Shadle (2000), pp. 37–8. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFShadle2000 (help)
^Ball, Martin J.; Rahilly, Joan (1999). Phonetics: the science of speech. London: Arnold. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-340-70009-9.
^Gordon (2004), p. 290. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFGordon2004 (help)
^Lodge (2009), p. 168. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLodge2009 (help)
^Collins & Mees (1990), p. 93. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFCollinsMees1990 (help)
^Grønnum (2005), p. 154.
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