Not to be confused with the Sabians, also spelled Sabaeans or Sabeans, a religious group mentioned in the Quran whose name was adopted by various sects.
Sabaean Kingdom
𐩪𐩨𐩱 (Sabaean) مَمْلَكَة سَبَأ (Arabic)
1200 BCE–275 CE
Coat of arms
Map of the Kingdom in the 8th century BCE
Capital
Ma'rib
Common languages
Sabaic
Religion
Arabian paganism
Demonym(s)
Sabaean
Government
Theocracy (Early) Monarchy (Late)[1]
Mukarrib
• 700–680 BCE
Karibi-ilu
• 620–600 BCE
Karib'il Watar
• 60–20 BCE
Ilasaros
Historical era
Iron Age to Antiquity
• Established
1200 BCE
• Disestablished
275 CE
Succeeded by
Himyarite Kingdom
Today part of
Yemen
The Sabaeans or Sabeans[2] were an ancient group of South Arabians.[3] They spoke Sabaic, one of the Old South Arabian languages.[4] They founded the kingdom of Sabaʾ (Arabic: سَبَأ) in modern-day Yemen,[5][6] which is considered to be the biblical land of Sheba[7][8][9] and "the oldest and most important of the South Arabian kingdoms".[3]
The exact date of the foundation of Sabaʾ is a point of disagreement among scholars. Kenneth Kitchen dates the kingdom to between 1200 BCE and 275 CE, with its capital at Maʾrib, in what is now Yemen.[10] On the other hand, Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman believe that "the Sabaean kingdom began to flourish only from the eighth century BC onward" and that the story of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba is "an anachronistic seventh-century set piece."[11] The Kingdom fell after a long but sporadic civil war between several Yemenite dynasties claiming kingship;[12][13] from this, the late Himyarite Kingdom arose as victors.[14]
Sabaeans are mentioned several times in the Hebrew Bible. In the Quran,[15] they are described as either Sabaʾ (سَبَأ, not to be confused with Ṣābiʾ, صَابِئ),[5][6] or as Qawm Tubbaʿ (Arabic: قَوْم تُبَّع, lit. 'People of Tubbaʿ').[16][17]
^Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1993). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913-1936. Vol. v5. Leiden: BRILL. p. 292. ISBN 978-90-04-09791-9. OCLC 258059170 – via Google Books.
^ ab"The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia". British Museum. Archived from the original on May 4, 2015. Retrieved 2013-02-22.
^Stuart Munro-Hay, Aksum: An African Civilization of Late Antiquity, 1991.
^ abQuran 27:6-93
^ abQuran 34:15-18
^Burrowes, Robert D. (2010). Historical Dictionary of Yemen. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 319. ISBN 978-0810855281.
^St. John Simpson (2002). Queen of Sheba: treasures from ancient Yemen. British Museum Press. p. 8. ISBN 0714111511.
^Kitchen, Kenneth Anderson (2003). On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 116. ISBN 0802849601.
^Kenneth A. Kitchen The World of "Ancient Arabia" Series. Documentation for Ancient Arabia. Part I. Chronological Framework and Historical Sources p.110
^Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher, David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition, p. 171
^Muller, D. H. (1893), Himyarische Inschriften [Himyarian inscriptions] (in German), Mordtmann, p. 53
^Javad Ali, The Articulate in the History of Arabs before Islam, Volume 2, p. 420
^Nebes 2023, p. 303.
^Wheeler, Brannon M. (2002). Prophets in the Quran: An Introduction to the Quran and Muslim Exegesis. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 166. ISBN 0-8264-4956-5 – via Google Books.
The Sabaeans or Sabeans were an ancient group of South Arabians. They spoke Sabaic, one of the Old South Arabian languages. They founded the kingdom of...
up Sabean or Sabaean in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Sabean or Sabaean may refer to: Sabaeans, ancient people in South Arabia Sabaean language, Old...
"Αβασηνοί" (i.e. Abasēnoi) to refer to "an Arabian people living next to the Sabaeans together with the Ḥaḍramites." The region of the Abasēnoi produce[d] myrrh...
The Sabians, sometimes also spelled Sabaeans or Sabeans, are a mysterious religious group mentioned three times in the Quran (as الصابئون al-Ṣābiʾūn, in...
sometimes referred to as Sabaean, was an Old South Arabian language that was spoken between c. 1000 BC and the 6th century AD by the Sabaeans. It was used as a...
biblical narrative about Sheba was based on the ancient civilization of the Sabaeans (Old South Arabian: 𐩪𐩨𐩱 S-b-ʾ) in South Arabia. This view is echoed...
crossroads of many civilisations for over 7,000 years. In 1200 BCE, the Sabaeans formed a thriving commercial kingdom that included parts of modern Ethiopia...
north-west (in Wādī al-Jawf), the Sabaeans to the south-east of them, the Qatabānians to the south-east of the Sabaeans, and the Ḥaḑramites further east...
"Αβασηγοί" (i.e. Abasēnoi) to refer to "an Arabian people living next to the Sabaeans together with the Ḥaḍramites." The region of the Abasēnoi produce[d] myrrh...
map of Arabia and the Middle East in the third century AD revealed by a Sabaean inscription Archived 9 July 2023 at the Wayback Machine – p. 183 The State...
conquest of Ma'in and successful campaigns against the Sabaeans. It challenged the supremacy of the Sabaeans in the region and waged a successful war against...
I – J – K – L – M – N – O – P – Q – R – S – T – U – V – Y – Z Sabaoth Sabaeans Sabtah Sabtechah Sacar Sachia Sadducees Sadoc Sakia Salah Salamis Salathiel...
writer distinguishes Sheba (שׁבא), i.e. the Yemenite Sabaeans, from Seba (סבא), i.e. the African Sabaeans. In Ps. 72:10 they are mentioned together: "the kings...
Sabaeans from Southern Arabia. However, Ge'ez, the ancient Semitic language of Ethiopia, is thought to have developed independently from the Sabaean language...
Karab El Watar, according to a Sabaean text that reports the victory in terms that attest to its significance for the Sabaeans. First impressions in the mid-1990s...
name of the cursive form of the South Arabian script that was used by the Sabaeans in addition to their monumental script, or Musnad. Zabur was a writing...
University of Kaslik - USEK (27 November 2017), "Open discussion with the Sabaeans Mandaeans", YouTube, retrieved 10 December 2021 Buckley, Jorunn Jacobsen...
Amida, king of the Aksumites, the Himyarites, Raeidan, the Ethiopians, the Sabaeans, Silei (Salhen), Tiyamo, the Beja and Kasou, king of kings, son of the...
mysterious Sabians (sometimes also spelled 'Sabaeans' or 'Sabeans', but not to be confused with the Sabaeans of South Arabia) mentioned alongside the Jews...
Damascus (/dəˈmæskəs/ də-MASK-əs, UK also /dəˈmɑːskəs/ də-MAH-skəs; Arabic: دِمَشق, romanized: Dimašq) is the capital of Syria, the oldest current capital...
Ṣayhadic, or Yemenite) is a group of four closely related extinct languages (Sabaean/Sabaic, Qatabanic, Hadramitic, Minaic) spoken in the far southern portion...
Karib'il Watar, according to a Sabaean text that reports the victory in terms that attest to its significance for the Sabaeans. Between 700 and 680 BC, the...
Dr. York". United Sabaeans Worldwide. Archived from the original on April 1, 2024. Retrieved April 8, 2024. "Books". United Sabaeans Worldwide. Archived...
'Asir Province and Al-Bahah Province in modern-day Saudi Arabia, bordering Sabaeans in modern day Yemen. the Azd tribe have always inhabited the Sarawat Mountains...
toll in that account is said to have reached about 2000. However, the Sabaean inscriptions describing the events report that by the month of Dhu-Madra'an...
century BCE to 2nd centuries BC Qatabanians Shehri people Razihi people Sabaeans of Yemen – 8th to 1st centuries BC Soqotri people Suteans – 14th century...
Global Information
