Under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass will vary with the taxonomic system being used; the only requirement being that it includes the family Rosaceae.
Under Phylocode, Rosidae is a clade defined as the most inclusive crown clade containing Rosa cinnamomea,[1] but not Berberidopsis corallina nor Dillenia indica nor Gunnera manicata nor Helianthus annuus nor Saxifraga mertensiana nor Stellaria media nor Viscum album.[2]
A well-known example of Rosidae as governed by the ICN was in the Cronquist system. In the 1981, original, version of that system, the circumscription was as follows.[3]
subclass Rosidae
order Rosales
order Fabales
order Proteales
order Myrtales
order Rhizophorales
order Cornales
order Santalales
order Rafflesiales
order Celastrales
order Euphorbiales
order Rhamnales
order Linales
order Polygalales
order Sapindales
order Geraniales
order Apiales
The Phylocode definition includes Crossosomatales, Geraniales, Myrtales, Fabidae (Celastrales, Cucurbitales, Fabales, Fagales, Huaceae, Oxalidales, Malpighiales, Rosales and Zygophyllales), Malvidae (Brassicales, Huerteales, Malvales, and Sapindales) as they are defined in the APG III system.[4][verification needed] This definition was formulated in 2007, and is agnostic on the inclusion or exclusion of Picramniales and Vitales.[5] Since 2007, the phylogenetic positions of Picramniales and Vitales have been clarified.[6] The position of Picramniales as sister to Malvidae sensu stricto requires it to be included among the rosids. Vitales is sister to the clade of all that must be included in the rosids and its inclusion is optional. In APG III, it was included.
There is considerable overlap between the two definitions. Some apparent differences are the result of more broadly drawn orders in the second. Apiales, Cornales, Proteales and Santalales, and parts of Rafflesiales (sensu Cronquist) are excluded from the second, and many groups from Cronquist's Hamamelidae and Dillenidae are included.
In both senses, the term "rosid" applies, as an adjective and noun, to members of the group. In the APG III system, which eschewed formal botanical names between the ranks of class and order, the term "rosids" is used to define an informal clade corresponding to Rosidae as defined in the Phylocode.
^sensu L. 1753 non L. 1759
^Cantino, Philip D.; James A. Doyle; Sean W. Graham; Walter S. Judd; Richard G. Olmstead; Douglas E. Soltis; Pamela S. Soltis; Michael J. Donoghue (2007). "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta" (PDF). Taxon. 56 (3): E1–E44. doi:10.1002/tax.563001. JSTOR 25065865.
^ Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, USA.
^Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. hdl:10654/18083.
^ Philip D. Cantino, James A. Doyle, Sean W. Graham, Walter S. Judd, Richard G. Olmstead, Douglas E. Soltis, Pamela S. Soltis, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2007. Electronic Supplement: pages E1-E44. To: Cantino et alii. 2007. "Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta". Taxon56(3):822–846. (see External links below).
^ Hengchang Wang, Michael J. Moore, Pamela S. Soltis, Charles D. Bell, Samuel F. Brockington, Roolse Alexandre, Charles C. Davis, Maribeth Latvis, Steven R. Manchester, and Douglas E. Soltis (10 March 2009). "Rosid radiation and the rapid rise of angiosperm-dominated forests". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 106 (10): 3853–3858. Bibcode:2009PNAS..106.3853W. doi:10.1073/pnas.0813376106. PMC 2644257. PMID 19223592.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), Rosidae is a botanical name at the rank of subclass. Circumscription of the subclass...
name "Rosidae", which had usually been understood to be a subclass. In 1967, Armen Takhtajan showed that the correct basis for the name "Rosidae" is a...
together comprise about 155 families. The name is based upon the name "Rosidae", which had usually been understood to be a subclass. The rosids and Saxifragales...
In FNA Editorial Committee, Flora of North America 9. Magnoliophyta: Rosidae (in part): Rosales (in part). Oxford University Press, New York. A Digital...
their symbiotic relationship belong to 11 families contained within the Rosidae clade (as established by the gene molecular phylogeny of rbcL, a gene coding...
Sytsma (1998). Circumscription of the Malvales and relationships to other Rosidae: Evidence from rbcL sequence data. American Journal of Botany 85, 876–887...
Cronquist system of classification of 1981, it was placed in subclass Rosidae and had this circumscription: order Haloragales family Haloragaceae (this...
Pamela S.; Soltis Douglas E.; Chen Zhi-Duan (2016). "Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis". Journal of Systematics and Evolution...
(TJM93) treatment of Simmondsia chinensis Selected Families of Angiosperms: Rosidae—an explanation of the scientific name Newscientist.com: Jojoba oil as biodiesel...
Cronquist system of 1981 recognized such an order and placed it in subclass Rosidae in class Magnoliopsida [=dicotyledons]. It used this circumscription: order...
Cronquist (1981, 1988) and Takhtajan (1997), the Gunneraceae were in the Rosidae, and the Myrothamnaceae were in the Hamamelids. In modern classification...
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Dilleniaceae and Vitaceae and all members of the clades Asteridae and Rosidae. Phylogenetic analyses of complete chloroplast genome sequences have provided...
order was the Cronquist system (1981) which placed the order in subclass Rosidae and used this circumscription: order Euphorbiales family Buxaceae family...
Celastrales, and Anisophylleaceae in order Rosales, both under subclass Rosidae. Coriariaceae was placed in Ranunculaceae, subclass Magnoliidae. Apodanthaceae...
The Rhamnales Lindl. are an order of dicotyledon plants in the subclass Rosidae. In the Cronquist system, the following families were placed here: Family...
Burleigh G; Soltis PS; Soltis DE; Chen Z-D (2016). "Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis". Journal of Systematics and Evolution...
Burleigh JG, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chen ZD (2016). "Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis". Journal of Systematics and Evolution...
Burleigh JG, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Chen ZD (2016). "Phylogeny of the Rosidae: A dense taxon sampling analysis". Journal of Systematics and Evolution...
Cornaceae, Nyssaceae, Garryaceae, and Alangiaceae, and was placed among the Rosidae, but this interpretation is no longer followed. Many families and genera...
1895. The Cronquist system used this name for an order placed in subclass Rosidae with the following circumscription (1981) : order Rafflesiales family Hydnoraceae...
within the core eudicots. Originally considered a primitive member of the Rosidae, in the order Saxifragales, it is now placed, with that order as a superrosid...
APG system (2009) placing Saxifragales as a sister group to the rosids (Rosidae), within the Pentapetalae clade. This large combination has subsequently...
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