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Sound change and alternation
Metathesis
Quantitative metathesis
Lenition
Consonant gradation
Consonant voicing and devoicing
Assibilation
Spirantization
L-vocalization
Debuccalization
Fortition
Epenthesis
Prothesis
Paragoge
Unpacking
Vowel breaking
Elision
Apheresis
Syncope
Apocope
Haplology
Cluster reduction
Transphonologization
Compensatory lengthening
Nasalization
Tonogenesis
Floating tone
Assimilation
Fusion
Coarticulation
Palatalization
Velarization
Labialization
Final devoicing
Metaphony (vowel harmony, umlaut)
Consonant harmony
Dissimilation
Sandhi
Liaison, linking R
Consonant mutation
Tone sandhi
Vowel hiatus
Synalepha
Elision
Crasis
Synaeresis and diaeresis
Synizesis
Other types
Apophony
Affrication
Gemination
Clipping
Fronting
Raising
Betacism
Iotacism
Fusion
Merger
Compensatory lengthening
Monophthongization
Rhotacism
Rhinoglottophilia
Sulcalization
Shm-reduplication
Consonant mutation
Vowel shift
Chain shift
v
t
e
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.
In historical linguistics, phonological change is any sound change that alters the distribution of phonemes in a language. In other words, a language develops a new system of oppositions among its phonemes. Old contrasts may disappear, new ones may emerge, or they may simply be rearranged.[1] Sound change may be an impetus for changes in the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonological change may sway the process of sound change).[1] One process of phonological change is rephonemicization, in which the distribution of phonemes changes by either addition of new phonemes or a reorganization of existing phonemes.[2] Mergers and splits are types of rephonemicization and are discussed further below.
^ abHenrich Hock, Hans (1991). Principles of Historical Linguistics (Second ed.). Berlin; New York: Walter de Gruyter. pp. 53–4.
^Crowley, Terry; Bowern, Claire (2010). An Introduction to Historical Linguistics (4th ed.). Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 69. ISBN 9780195365542.
and 28 Related for: Phonological change information
rearranged. Sound change may be an impetus for changes in the phonological structures of a language (and likewise, phonologicalchange may sway the process...
change its sense to 'wonderful' so quickly." Sound change—i.e., change in the pronunciation of phonemes—can lead to phonologicalchange (i.e., change...
for sound change. A sound change that affects the phonological system or the number or the distribution of its phonemes is a phonologicalchange. The following...
by children during their phonological development. They are also more likely to undergo certain types of phonologicalchanges such as assimilation, dissimilation...
native speakers, a language undergoes new phonological, morphological, syntactical, semantic and stylistic changes, and gains new native speakers. This happens...
delimiters. A phonological rule is a formal way of expressing a systematic phonological or morphophonological process in linguistics. Phonological rules are...
Cherology English phonology List of phonologists Neogrammarian Phonological development Phonological hierarchy Second language phonology Brentari, Diane;...
"traditional gesture of an inferior to a superior." The word "curtsy" is a phonologicalchange from "courtesy" known in linguistics as syncope. According to Desmond...
and transcription delimiters. The phonological history of the English language includes various changes in the phonology of consonant clusters. The H-cluster...
century. The principal changes from Sanskrit are the following: Phonological Loss of original phonemic length for vowels Change of consonant clusters to...
Phonological Marking of Japanese Compounds. De Gruyter. Watanabe, Seiji (2009). Cultural and Educational Contributions to Recent PhonologicalChanges...
Phonological awareness is an individual's awareness of the phonological structure, or sound structure, of words. Phonological awareness is an important...
Oxford: Oxford University Press. Colvin, Stephen (2006). "Autosegmental Phonology and Word-Internal -h- in Mycenaean Greek". Glotta. 82: 36–54. JSTOR 40288084...
of French on English Phonological history of the English language Comparison of American and British English English phonology English studies Inkhorn...
of the Koiné can be characterised as one of very rapid phonologicalchange. Many of the changes in vowel quality are now dated to some time between the...
transcription delimiters. Tone sandhi is a phonologicalchange that occurs in tonal languages. It involves changes to the tones assigned to individual words...
undergoes a phonologicalchange without necessarily adding new phonological material. In traditional Indo-Europeanist usage, these changes are termed ablaut...
Paul (1982), Explanation in phonology, Foris, ISBN 978-90-70176-37-2. ——— (1996), "The phonological basis of sound change", in Goldsmith, John A. (ed...
Evolutionary Phonology is an approach to phonology and historical linguistics, based on the idea that recurrent synchronic sound patterns, if not inherited...
forms. Up until the American–British split (1600–1725), some major phonologicalchanges in English included: Initial cluster reductions, like of /ɡn, kn/...
identical) phonological system. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features...
Strachey's material reflects considerable lexical variation and minor phonological variation, suggesting the existence of dialect differentiation. A speculative...
simplicity. Phonological economy tends to fill structural gaps in phonological systems, and phonetic economy tends to create phonological gaps. Out of...
consonantal contrasts. The main phonologicalchanges occurred during the Hellenistic and Roman period (see Koine Greek phonology for details): replacement of...
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