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Retinal waves are spontaneous bursts of action potentials that propagate in a wave-like fashion across the developing retina. These waves occur before rod and cone maturation and before vision can occur. The signals from retinal waves drive the activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the primary visual cortex. The waves are thought to propagate across neighboring cells in random directions determined by periods of refractoriness that follow the initial depolarization. Retinal waves are thought to have properties that define early connectivity of circuits and synapses between cells in the retina. There is still much debate about the exact role of retinal waves. Some contend that the waves are instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways, while others argue that the activity is necessary but not instructional in the formation of retinogeniculate pathways.
signals from retinalwaves drive the activity in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and the primary visual cortex. The waves are thought to...
of electromagnetic waves, which are synchronized oscillations of electric and magnetic fields. In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed...
alpha waves (common in the awake state) to theta waves, whereas stage N3 (deep or slow-wave sleep) is characterized by the presence of delta waves. The...
the immature retina, waves of spontaneous action potentials arise from the retinal ganglion cells and sweep across the retinal surface in the first few...
through Hebbian learning triggered by spontaneous activity coming from retinalwaves in the eyes of the developing fetus, or from the LGN. Another possibility...
networks has primarily been through retinalwave detection using Ca2+ fluorescent indicators. Prior to birth, retinalwaves are seen to originate as clusters...
study of birefringence in shear waves traveling through the solid Earth (the Earth's liquid core does not support shear waves) is widely used in seismology...
to generate waves of activity that originate spontaneously at a random point and then propagate slowly across the retinal layer. These waves are useful...
entering a denser medium. The wave theory predicted that light waves could interfere with each other like sound waves (as noted around 1800 by Thomas...
types in the retina, including the photoreceptors (rods and cones), inner retinal cells (bipolar and amacrine cells), and the ganglion cells. Electrodes...
A retinal ganglion cell (RGC) is a type of neuron located near the inner surface (the ganglion cell layer) of the retina of the eye. It receives visual...
PMID 19759535. Ackman, JB; Burbridge, TJ; Crair, MC (11 October 2012). "Retinalwaves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system"...
explained by quantum mechanics and exhibit wave–particle duality, their behavior featuring properties of both waves and particles. The modern photon concept...
maturation and are especially distinct in the retina, in the form of retinalwaves. In the olfactory system, responsible for sense of smell, according...
generate retinalwaves, and the role that these waves play in retinal development. She has monitored the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion...
protective effects in neurodegenerative diseases and the eye, particularly for retinal degenerative disorders. Studies have shown that tauroursodeoxycholic acid...
particular, the choroid is a highly vascularized tissue supplying the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors. Yet investigating the anatomy and...
of the cornea or from changes in the shape of the retina such as from retinal edema, macular degeneration, or central serous retinopathy), by changes...
of the dog. Cataracts and progressive retinal atrophy are two eye diseases found in PWDs. Progressive retinal atrophy, which causes "night blindness"...
S2CID 17225116. Ackman, JB; Burbridge, TJ; Crair, MC (11 October 2012). "Retinalwaves coordinate patterned activity throughout the developing visual system"...
EEG can detect abnormal electrical discharges such as sharp waves, spikes, or spike-and-wave complexes that are seen in people with epilepsy; thus, it is...
the retina where the action of light alters the firing of the neuron. In retinal ganglion cells (see below), this area of the retina would encompass all...
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