Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptive aphasia,[1]sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia, or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language.[2] Patients with Wernicke's aphasia demonstrate fluent speech, which is characterized by typical speech rate, intact syntactic abilities and effortless speech output.[3] Writing often reflects speech in that it tends to lack content or meaning. In most cases, motor deficits (i.e. hemiparesis) do not occur in individuals with Wernicke's aphasia.[4] Therefore, they may produce a large amount of speech without much meaning. Individuals with Wernicke's aphasia often suffer of anosognosia – they are unaware of their errors in speech and do not realize their speech may lack meaning.[5] They typically remain unaware of even their most profound language deficits.
Like many acquired language disorders, Wernicke's aphasia can be experienced in many different ways and to many different degrees. Patients diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia can show severe language comprehension deficits; however, this is dependent on the severity and extent of the lesion.[2] Severity levels may range from being unable to understand even the simplest spoken and/or written information to missing minor details of a conversation.[2] Many diagnosed with Wernicke's aphasia have difficulty with repetition in words and sentences and/or working memory.[5]
Wernicke's aphasia was named after German physician Carl Wernicke, who is credited with discovering the area of the brain responsible for language comprehension (Wernicke's area) and discovery of the condition which results from a lesion to this brain area (Wernicke's Aphasia).[6] Although Wernicke's area (left posterior superior temporal cortex) is known as the language comprehension area of the brain, defining the exact region of the brain is a more complicated issue. A 2016 study aimed to determine the reliability of current brain models of the language center of the brain. After asking a group of neuroscientists what portion of the brain they consider to be Wernicke's Area, results suggested that the classic "Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind" model is no longer adequate for defining the language areas of the brain. This is because this model was created using an old understanding of human brain anatomy and does not take into consideration the cortical and subcortical structures responsible for language or the connectivity of brain areas necessary for production and comprehension of language. It is important to understand that while there is not a well defined area of the brain for language comprehension, Wernicke's Aphasia is a known condition causing difficulty with understanding language.[7]
^Nakai, Y; Jeong, JW; Brown, EC; Rothermel, R; Kojima, K; Kambara, T; Shah, A; Mittal, S; Sood, S; Asano, E (2017). "Three- and four-dimensional mapping of speech and language in patients with epilepsy". Brain. 140 (5): 1351–1370. doi:10.1093/brain/awx051. PMC 5405238. PMID 28334963.
^ abcBrookshire, Robert (2007). Introduction to neurogenic communication disorders (7th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier.
^Damasio, A.R. (1992). "Aphasia". The New England Journal of Medicine. 326 (8): 531–539. doi:10.1056/nejm199202203260806. PMID 1732792.
^Murdoch, B.E. (1990). Acquired Speech and Language Disorders: A Neuroanatomical and Functional Neurological Approach. Baltimore, MD: Chapman and Hall. pp. 73–76. ISBN 9780412334405.
^ ab"Common Classifications of Aphasia". American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.
^Cite error: The named reference NAA1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Tremblay, Pascale; Dick, Anthony Steven (2016). "Broca and Wernicke are dead, or moving past the classic model of language neurobiology". Brain and Language. 162: 60–71. doi:10.1016/j.bandl.2016.08.004. hdl:20.500.11794/38881. ISSN 0093-934X.
Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptiveaphasia, sensory aphasia, fluent aphasia, or posterior aphasia, is a type of aphasia in which individuals...
however, is unaffected. Expressive language and receptive language can both be affected as well. Aphasia also affects visual language such as sign language...
regions of the brain, such as Broca's area. Expressive aphasia contrasts with receptiveaphasia, in which patients are able to speak in grammatical sentences...
semantic paraphasias present. TSA is a fluent aphasia similar to Wernicke's aphasia (receptiveaphasia), with the exception of a strong ability to repeat...
of aphasias have been described, but two are best known: expressive aphasia (Broca's aphasia) and receptiveaphasia (Wernicke's or sensory aphasia). Acute...
Anomic aphasia (also known as dysnomia, nominal aphasia, and amnesic aphasia) is a mild, fluent type of aphasia where individuals have word retrieval failures...
communicate their intended message). Receptive language disorders can be acquired—as in the case of receptiveaphasia, or developmental (most often the latter)...
Conduction aphasia, also called associative aphasia, is an uncommon form of difficulty in speaking (aphasia). It is caused by damage to the parietal lobe...
expressive and receptiveaphasia also affect the use of sign language, in analogous ways to how they affect speech, with expressive aphasia causing signers...
Global aphasia is a severe form of nonfluent aphasia, caused by damage to the left side of the brain, that affects receptive and expressive language skills...
of receptiveaphasia, both of which are commonly associated with Wernicke's name and referred to as Wernicke encephalopathy and Wernicke's aphasia, respectively...
Wernicke, who created theories about receptiveaphasia in 1874. He noted that individuals with receptiveaphasia did not possess the ability to understand...
significantly distorted, patients with receptiveaphasia are unable to monitor their mistakes. Other patients with receptiveaphasia are fully aware of their condition...
deficits rather than speech production deficits, a syndrome known as receptiveaphasia. These seminal works on hemispheric specialization were done on patients...
example: Aphasia affects both the expression and reception of language. Both two most common types, expressive aphasia and receptiveaphasia, affect speech...
condition characterized by excessive talking (incoherent and compulsive) Receptiveaphasia, fluent in speech but without making sense, often a result of a stroke...
with language perception and processing, and lesions in it may cause receptiveaphasia. The supramarginal gyrus is part of the somatosensory association...
of these fluent aphasias include receptive or Wernicke’s aphasia, anomic aphasia, conduction aphasia, and transcortical sensory aphasia, among others....
overarching semantic network of lexical items. Anomic aphasia, aphasia (expressive + receptiveaphasia) and Alzheimer's disease can all affect recalling or...
grammatically correct sentences. It is characteristic of fluent aphasia, most commonly receptiveaphasia. Paragrammatism is sometimes called "extended paraphasia...
specifically in BA 22, results in Wernicke's aphasia. Wernicke's aphasia, also known as receptiveaphasia, is a language disorder characterized as having...
for aphasia includes a gathering of a case history, a self-report from the patient, an oral-motor examination, assessment of expressive and receptive language...
Learning or cognitive disability (such as dyslexia, dyscalculia, receptiveaphasia, and written-language disorder): "Request for Testing Accommodations—Learning...
results in expressive aphasia (non-fluent aphasia) while damage to Wernicke's area results in receptiveaphasia (also called fluent aphasia). Explicit or declarative...
convulsions. Aphasias are a group of disorders characterized by disturbances in speaking and understanding language. Receptiveaphasia causes impaired...
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