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Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain.[1] Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two main categories: generalized and focal atrophy.[2] Generalized atrophy occurs across the entire brain whereas focal atrophy affects cells in a specific location.[2] If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum) are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired.
Some degree of cerebral shrinkage occurs naturally with the dynamic process of aging.[3] Structural changes continue during adulthood as brain shrinkage commences after the age of 35, at a rate of 0.2% per year.[4] The rate of decline is accelerated when individuals reach 70 years old.[5] By the age of 90, the human brain will have experienced a 15% loss of its initial peak weight.[6] Besides brain atrophy, aging has also been associated with cerebral microbleeds.[3]
^"Cerebral Atrophy Information Page: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2014-03-28.
^ abHarris TC, de Rooij R, Kuhl E (September 2019). "The Shrinking Brain: Cerebral Atrophy Following Traumatic Brain Injury". Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 47 (9): 1941–1959. doi:10.1007/s10439-018-02148-2. PMC 6757025. PMID 30341741.
^ abSungura R, Onyambu C, Mpolya E, Sauli E, Vianney JM (March 2021). "The extended scope of neuroimaging and prospects in brain atrophy mitigation: A systematic review". Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery. 23: 100875. doi:10.1016/j.inat.2020.100875. S2CID 224841818.
^Siegel JA, Saukko PJ, Houck MM (2013). Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences. Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-382166-9.
^Peters R (February 2006). "Ageing and the brain". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 82 (964): 84–88. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2005.036665. PMC 2596698. PMID 16461469.
^Chutinet A, Rost NS (March 2014). "White matter disease as a biomarker for long-term cerebrovascular disease and dementia". Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine. 16 (3): 292. doi:10.1007/s11936-013-0292-z. PMC 3964019. PMID 24496967.
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