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A realis mood (abbreviated REAL) is a grammatical mood which is used principally to indicate that something is a statement of fact; in other words, to express what the speaker considers to be a known state of affairs, as in declarative sentences. Most languages have a single realis mood called the indicative mood, although some languages have additional realis moods, for example to express different levels of certainty. By contrast, an irrealis mood is used to express something that is not known to be the case in reality.
An example of the contrast between realis and irrealis moods is seen in the English sentences "He works" and "It is necessary that he work". In the first sentence, works is a present indicative (realis) form of the verb, and is used to make a direct assertion about the real world. In the second sentence, work is in the subjunctive mood, which is an irrealis mood – here that he work does not necessarily express a fact about the real world (he could be rejecting necessity and refusing to work), but refers to what would be a desirable state of affairs.
However, since mood is a grammatical category, referring to the form a verb takes rather than its meaning in a given instance, a given language may use realis forms for a number of purposes other than their principal one of making direct factual statements. For example, many languages use indicative verb forms to ask questions (this is sometimes called interrogative mood) and in various other situations where the meaning is in fact of the irrealis type (as in the English "I hope it works", where the indicative works is used even though it refers to a desired rather than real state of affairs). The indicative might therefore be defined as the mood used in all instances where a given language does not specifically require the use of some other mood.
Realis mood and indicative mood can be indicated by the respective glossing abbreviations REAL and IND.
Most languages have a single realismood called the indicative mood, although some languages have additional realismoods, for example to express different...
Realismoods are a category of grammatical moods that indicate that something is actually the case or actually not the case. The most common realis mood...
happened at the moment the speaker is talking. This contrasts with the realismoods. Every language has grammatical ways of expressing unreality. Linguists...
one of the irrealis moods, which refer to what is not necessarily real. It is often contrasted with the indicative, a realismood which principally indicates...
distinction not of tense, but on things that have in fact occurred (a realismood encompassing SAE past and present) compared to things that have as yet...
tense, but rather tense is conveyed by mood, aspect markers, and time phrases. Wuvulu speakers use a realismood to convey past tense as speakers can be...
Taigen") Realis (已然形, izenkei, "perfect form") Imperative (命令形, meireikei,"form to give order") The English names for the irrealis and the realis differ...
depends on whether or not the verb is marked with the -in- realismood morpheme. When the realismood morpheme is present, the -∅ allomorph surfaces. Hemmings...
this mood (such as the Turkish varacakmış, above, or the Bulgarian той отишъл). In this sense, the renarrative could be considered a realismood. News...
are cross-referenced with a subject/mood prefix which is attached to the verb stem in realis tense. These subject/mood prefixes differ from independent personal...
' Ergative (realis) pronouns are used: as the A argument in independent transitive clauses (in the southern dialect, only in realismood) I-tataba 3SG...
patterns of mutations probably arose when a nasal prefix, indicating the realismood, became combined with the verb's initial consonant. The possible ancestral...
6 have a mood marker). The realismood (mood marker 'a-') concerns events that have happened in the past and present. The irrealis mood (mood marker 'u-')...
complete action, is used in descriptions of kinetic events and establishing realismood. Kaska narratives tend to express a more serious tone through perfective...
element' and TAM 'tense–aspect–mood element' (also NG number–gender, PN person–number, TA tense–aspect, TAME tense–aspect–mood–evidential) etc. These are...
negation in Yilan Creole use Japanese derived forms to accommodate the realismood that is part of Atayal grammar. The word order of Yilan Creole is SOV...
the perfective aspect marker 엇 -eos, the prospective mood marker 읔 -(eu)k, and the realismood marker (으)느 -(eu)neu. Depending on the analysis of the...
verbs) require that the verb is prefixed with either the irrealis or realismood. The subscripts A and P refers to whether the subject is the agent or...
at the Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database. Alphabet and pronunciation R:Realis:Realismood Irr:Irrealis:Irrealis mood OBJ:Object:Object (grammar)...
Misantla Totonac has two categories of mood: realis and irrealis. A zero morpheme indicates the realismood. The morpheme /ka-/ or /ni-/, placed before...
simultaneous or sequential events. When the dependent clause is in the realismood, the suffixes are as follows: -ch: same-subject -m: different-subject...
such as -e (Irrealis mood suffix -encoding a hypothetical or predicted situation. ), For example: Ei phu-e/I will come nye (Realismood - used to encode actualized...
grammar of Lewo, Vanuatu (PhD dissertation). Canberra: The Australian National University. doi:10.25911/5D723CAC6B4A2. R:realismood S:subject v t e v t e...
with the realis suffix Reduplication of the entire stem including the realis suffix takes place. Only verbs can be inflected for realismood. tii'in-tii'in...
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