Jeju is classified as Critically Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
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Jeju (Jeju: 제줏말; Jeju RR: Jejun-mal, or Korean: 제주어; RR: Jeju-eo, or 제주말; Jeju-mal), often called Jejueo or Jejuan in English-language scholarship, is a Koreanic language originally from Jeju Island, South Korea. It is not mutually intelligible with mainland Korean dialects. While it was historically considered a divergent Jeju dialect of the Korean language, it is increasingly referred to as a separate language in its own right. It is declining in usage, and was classified by UNESCO in 2010 as critically endangered, the highest level of language endangerment possible. Revitalization efforts are ongoing.
The consonants of Jeju are similar to those of Seoul Korean, but Jeju has a larger and more conservative vowel inventory. Jeju is a head-final, agglutinative, suffixing language like Korean. Nouns are followed by particles that may function as case markers. Verbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, evidentiality, relative social status, formality, and other grammatical information. Korean and Jeju differ significantly in their verbal paradigms. For instance, the continuative aspect marker of Jeju and the mood or aspect distinction of many Jeju connective suffixes are absent in Korean. Most of the Jeju lexicon is Koreanic, and the language preserves many Middle Korean words now lost in Standard Korean. Jeju may also have a Peninsular Japonic substratum, but this argument has been disputed.[2]
Jeju was already divergent from the Seoul dialect of Korean by the fifteenth century and unintelligible to mainland Korean visitors by the sixteenth century. The language was severely undermined by the Jeju uprising of 1948, the Korean War, and the modernization of South Korea. Many fluent speakers remaining in Jeju Island are now over seventy years old. Most people in Jeju Island now speak a variety of Korean with a Jeju substratum. The language may be somewhat more vigorous in a diaspora community in Osaka, Japan, as many Jeju people migrated to Osaka in the 1920s, but even there, younger members of the community tend to speak Japanese.
^Jeju at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
^Lee, Seungjae (2017). The old Korean Language Inscribed on Wooden Tablets (in Korean). Seoul, Korea: Ilchokak. ISBN 9788933707364.
Jeju (Jeju: 제줏말; Jeju RR: Jejun-mal, or Korean: 제주어; RR: Jeju-eo, or 제주말; Jeju-mal), often called Jejueo or Jejuan in English-language scholarship, is...
The Jeju people or Jejuans (Jeju: 제주사름; Jeju RR: Jeju-sareum; Korean: 제주인; Hanja: 濟州人; RR: Jeju-in), also known as Cheju people or Chejuan, are an ethnic...
Jejudo Jeju City, the biggest city on Jejudo Jeju dog, a dog native to Jejudo Jejulanguage, the Koreanic language spoken on Jejudo Jeju people Jeju Black...
period. The Jejulanguage is considered critically endangered by UNESCO. It is also one of the regions of Korea where Shamanism is most intact. Jeju Island...
language has a few extinct relatives which—along with the Jejulanguage (Jejuan) of Jeju Island and Korean itself—form the compact Koreanic language family...
Jeju oreum (Korean: 오름; Hanja: 岳) refers to small rising defunct volcanoes on Jeju Island, South Korea. The word "oreum" comes from the Jejulanguage...
Jeju City (Korean: 제주시, romanized: Jeju-si; Korean pronunciation: [tɕe̞.dzu]) is the capital of the Jeju Province in South Korea and the largest city on...
Koreanic is a small language family consisting of the Korean and Jejulanguages. The latter is often described as a dialect of Korean, but is distinct...
Jeju United Football Club (Korean: 제주 유나이티드) is a South Korean professional football club based in Jeju Province that competes in the K League 1, the...
Korean as a language isolate; however, it does have a few extinct relatives, which together with Korean and the Jejulanguage (spoken on Jeju Island and...
The Jeju uprising, known in South Korea as the Jeju April 3 incident (Korean: 제주 4·3 사건), was an uprising on Jeju Island from April 1948 to May 1949....
Group and the Jeju Island government on January 25, 2005, Jeju Air became Korea's first low-cost airline. Jeju Air is named after Jeju Island. In 2016...
sufficiently distinct from the others to be considered separate languages, the Jeju and the Yukjin languages. Korea is a mountainous country, and this could be the...
Earth, Heaven, and Human. (The letter ㆍ ə is now obsolete except in the Jejulanguage.) The third parameter in designing the vowel letters was choosing ㅡ...
cuisine Korean culture Korean language Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Chosŏn'gŭl Korean dialects and the Jejulanguage See also: North–South differences...
states in the south of the peninsula, and from the former Tamna kingdom on Jeju Island. The Samguk sagi is a history, written in Classical Chinese, of the...
Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning. All varieties of Korean except the Jejulanguage are spoken by members of the Korean diaspora who settled in China before...
Hallasan (Korean: 한라산) is a shield volcano on Jeju Island in South Korea. Its summit, at 1,947 m (6,388 ft), is the highest point in the country. The area...
specialties of Jeju cuisine is the soup gagjaegi-gug (각재기국), the name of which is derived from the name for the fish in the Jejulanguage. The Japanese...
[taŋ.ju.dʑa]) is a Korean citrus fruit that is a specialty of Jeju Island. In Jejulanguage, it is called daengyuji (댕유지 [tɛŋ.ju.dʑi]). Dangyuja has a similar...
Jeju World Cup Stadium is a football stadium with a 35,657-person capacity located in the city of Seogwipo, on the South Korean island of Jeju, which is...
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