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In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Carrera and the second or maternal family name is Turcios.
Captain General
Rafael Carrera y Turcios
GCSG
1st President of Guatemala
In office 6 November 1851 (1851-11-06) – 14 April 1865 (1865-04-14)
Preceded by
Mariano Rivera Paz
Succeeded by
Pedro de Aycinena y Piñol
In office 21 March 1847 (1847-03-21) – 17 August 1848 (1848-08-17)
Preceded by
Position established
Succeeded by
Juan Antonio Martínez
4th State President of Guatemala
In office 4 December 1844 (1844-12-04) – 21 March 1847 (1847-03-21)
Preceded by
Mariano Paredes
Succeeded by
Position abolished
Personal details
Born
(1814-10-24)24 October 1814 Guatemala City, Kingdom of Guatemala, New Spain
Died
14 April 1865(1865-04-14) (aged 50) Guatemala City, Guatemala
Political party
Conservative
Spouse
Petrona Garcia Morales de Carrera
Children
José, Francisco, María Mercedes Carrera García
Parent
Simón Carrera y Juana Turcios
Residence(s)
Mataquescuintla, Guatemala City
Occupation
Military
Signature
José Rafael Carrera y Turcios (24 October 1814 – 14 April 1865) was the president of Guatemala from 1844 to 1848 and from 1851 until his death in 1865, after being appointed President for life in 1854. During his military career and presidency, new nations in Central America were facing numerous problems: William Walker's invasions, liberal attempts to overthrow the Catholic Church and aristocrats' power, the Civil War in the United States, Mayan uprising in the east, Belize boundary dispute with the United Kingdom, and the wars in Mexico under Benito Juárez. This led to a rise of caudillos, a term that refers to charismatic populist leaders among the indigenous people.[1]
Backed by the Catholic Church, conservatives of the Aycinena clan led by Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol, and mestizo and indigenous peasants, he dominated politics in the first three decades of Guatemala's independence more than any other individual.[2] He led the revolt against the liberal state government of Mariano Gálvez in Guatemala, and then was instrumental in breaking up the Federal Republic of Central America that the liberals wanted.[Note 1] As a result, once the liberals took over power in Guatemala in 1871, Carrera's character and regime were dismissed and demonized, making him look as an illiterate who could not even write his own name and was a puppet of the aristocrats.[3][4] Over the years, even Marxist writers who wanted to show how the native Guatemalans have been exploited by the elites completely ignored Carrera's interest in them and accused him of racism and being a "little king".[5][6]
^Adas, Stearns & Schwarz 2009, p. 77.
^Woodward 1993, p. 456.
^Rosa 1974.
^Montúfar & Salazar 1892.
^Martínez Peláez 1990.
^Martínez Peláez 1988.
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José RafaelCarrera y Turcios (24 October 1814 – 14 April 1865) was the president of Guatemala from 1844 to 1848 and from 1851 until his death in 1865...
support Carrera in the mid-19th century, although Britain continued to be the main business and political partner to Carrera. RafaelCarrera was elected...
Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia of Paraguay, Alexandre Pétion of Haiti, RafaelCarrera of Guatemala, François Duvalier of Haiti, Josip Broz Tito of Yugoslavia...
support Carrera in the mid-19th century, although Britain continued to be the main business and political partner to Carrera. RafaelCarrera was elected...
Colombia Juan Rafael Mora Porras, Costa Rica Pedro Santana, Dominican Republic Juan José Flores, Ecuador Manuel José Arce, El Salvador RafaelCarrera, Guatemala...
Santiago González Portillo Tomás Regalado Romero Justo Rufino Barrios RafaelCarrera Manuel Estrada Cabrera Serapio Cruz Miguel García Granados Efraín Ríos...
power, received with pleasure the news that the Commander of Mita, RafaelCarrera, had revolted again in Mataquescuintla, against the constituted Government...
branch of the armed forces. In the middle of the 19th century, General RafaelCarrera promoted it with the triumph in the Battle of San José La Arada, dated...
spearheaded a peasant uprising and became tsar of Bulgaria (1277–1278). RafaelCarrera, President of Guatemala 1844-48 and 1851-65 Wikimedia Commons has media...
Guatemala from 24 May 1865 to 29 June 1871. Loyal friend and comrade of RafaelCarrera, was appointed army's Field Marshal after Carraera's victory against...
first ladies Presidents of Guatemala Petrona Álvarez died in 1857. RafaelCarrera was president until 1865. The position became vacant after the death...
February 2009. Retrieved 20 June 2010. Woodward, Ralph Lee Jr. (2002). "RafaelCarrera y la creación de la República de Guatemala, 1821–1871". Serie Monográfica...
decree in 1845, five years after the fledgling state was crushed by RafaelCarrera. The department has wide variations in local climate, due largely to...
Guatemala from 13 February 1863 to 26 October 1863. Guatemalan President RafaelCarrera sought to overthrow Salvadoran President Gerardo Barrios, citing his...
depose Barrios. Although Barrios defeated Guatemalan soldiers under RafaelCarrera at the Battle of Coatepeque in February 1863, the Guatemalans eventually...
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