This article is about rabies in animals. For rabies in humans, see Rabies. For other uses, see Rabies (disambiguation).
Close-up of a dog during late-stage ("dumb") paralytic rabies. Animals with "dumb" rabies appear depressed, lethargic, and uncoordinated. Gradually they become completely paralyzed. When their throat and jaw muscles are paralyzed, the animals will drool and have difficulty swallowing.
In animals, rabies is a viral zoonotic neuro-invasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the rabies virus, primarily infects mammals. In the laboratory it has been found that birds can be infected, as well as cell cultures from birds, reptiles and insects.[1] The brains of animals with rabies deteriorate. As a result, they tend to behave bizarrely and often aggressively, increasing the chances that they will bite another animal or a person and transmit the disease.
In addition to irrational aggression, the virus can induce hydrophobia ("fear of water")—wherein attempts to drink water or swallow cause painful spasms of the muscles in the throat or larynx—and an increase in saliva production. This aids the likelihood of transmission, as the virus multiplies and accumulates in the salivary glands and is transmitted primarily through biting.[2] The accumulation of saliva can sometimes create a "foaming at the mouth" effect, which is commonly associated with rabies in animals in the public perception and in popular culture;[3][4][5] however, rabies does not always present as such, and may be carried without typical symptoms being displayed.[3]
Most cases of humans contracting rabies from infected animals are in developing nations. In 2010, an estimated 26,000 people died from the disease, down from 54,000 in 1990.[6] The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that dogs are the main source of human rabies deaths, contributing up to 99% of all transmissions of the disease to humans.[7] Rabies in dogs, humans and other animals can be prevented through vaccination.
^"CARTER John, SAUNDERS Venetia - Virology : Principles and Applications – Page:175 – 2007 – John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex PO19 8SQ, England – 978-0-470-02386-0 (HB)"
^"Rabies". AnimalsWeCare.com. Archived from the original on 3 September 2014.
^ abWilson PJ, Rohde RE, Oertli EH, Willoughby Jr RE (2019). Rabies: Clinical Considerations and Exposure Evaluations (1st ed.). Elsevier. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-323-63979-8. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
^"How Do You Know if an Animal Has Rabies? | CDC Rabies and Kids". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Retrieved May 10, 2023.
^"Rabies (for Parents)". KidsHealth.org. Nemours KidsHealth. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
^Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V, Abraham J, Adair T, Aggarwal R, et al. (Dec 15, 2012). "Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010" (PDF). Lancet. 380 (9859): 2095–128. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30050819. PMC 10790329. PMID 23245604. S2CID 1541253. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 1, 2020. Retrieved September 27, 2019.
^"Rabies". World Health Organization (WHO). Archived from the original on May 10, 2023. Retrieved May 10, 2023.
Inanimals, rabies is a viral zoonotic neuro-invasive disease which causes inflammation in the brain and is usually fatal. Rabies, caused by the rabies...
animal bites or scratches a human or other animals. Saliva from an infected animal can also transmit rabies if the saliva comes into contact with the eyes...
vaccines are effective in humans and other animals, and vaccinating dogs is very effective in preventing the spread of rabies to humans. A long-lasting...
by the rabies virus. The rabies virus, a member of the Lyssavirus genus of the Rhabdoviridae family, survives in a diverse variety of animal species...
Rabies virus, scientific name Rabies lyssavirus, is a neurotropic virus that causes rabiesinanimals, including humans. Rabies transmission can occur...
such as dogs and mongooses in Haiti. The term "rabies" is derived from a Latin word that means "to rage"; rabid animals sometimes appear to be angry...
Lúttā) by the Athenians, was the spirit of mad rage, frenzy, and rabiesinanimals.[citation needed] She was closely related to the Maniae, the spirits...
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as animalsin show. In the 20th century, most U.S. states outlawed the keeping of wild animals as part of their efforts to stem the spread of rabies. Only...
Rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) is a medication made up of antibodies against the rabies virus. It is used to prevent rabies following exposure. It is given...
even affect the nervous system. Rabies, a fatal neurologic disease inanimals and people, is caused by a virus. Animals and people are most commonly infected...
public health. In countries where routine rabies vaccination of dogs is practiced, for example, rabiesin humans is reduced to a very rare event. Currently...
resolved. Animal control's interest is mainly public safety and rabies control. Many shelter policies allow individuals to bring inanimals to the shelter...
the first efficacious rabies vaccine. World Rabies Day aims to raise awareness about the impact of rabies on humans and animals, provide information and...
by bacteria or other pathogens, including rabies Introduction of venom into the wound by venomous animals such as some snakes Introduction of other irritants...
from animals to humans. A current and prominent example of a zoonotic disease is rabies. It is spread from an animal to humans and other animals through...
(Λιταί), spirits of prayer Lyssa (Λύσσα), spirit of rage, fury and rabiesinanimals The Machai (Μάχαι), spirits of fighting and combat Mania (Μανία),...
Cryptic rabies refers to infection from unrecognized exposure to rabies virus. It is often phylogenetically traced to bats. It is most often seen in the southern...
World Animal Protection, formerly The World Society for the Protection of Animals (WSPA), is an international non-profit animal welfare organization that...
no provision for training animals to fight other animals, nor for receiving money from animal fights. Law enforcement animals have no special protection...
The Sarawak rabies outbreak is an ongoing rabies outbreak in the state of Sarawak in Malaysia. Until 6 December 2022, 49 confirmed rabies cases and 44...
strong controls to safeguard against rabies including a compulsory six-month quarantine period on imports of many animals. Over time the scheme has rolled...
inclusion bodies located in the Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in cases of rabiesinanimals and humans. He documented his findings in an article titled Contributo...
with potentially rabid dogs and other animals and receive rabies pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis against the rabies virus each year. Because anyone who...
Edwin Landseer are known for their portraits of animals. Animals further play a wide variety of roles in literature, film, mythology, and religion. Culture...
Rabies has been the main plot device or a significant theme in many fictional works. Due to the long history of the virus as well as its neurotropic nature...
ancestry, as this vigor is typically seen only in the first generation cross of two purebred animals of separate breeds, thus taking advantage of genetic...
/kɪˈnɒlədʒi/) is the study of matters related to canines or domestic dogs. In English, it is a term sometimes used to denote a serious zoological approach...
achievements, such as killing animals for entertainment; cruelty to animals sometimes encompasses inflicting harm or suffering as an end in itself, referred to...
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