Abbasid Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Uyunid Emirate Seljuk Empire
Battles and wars
Capture of Bahrayn (899) Battle of Hama (903) Sack of Basra (923) Hajj caravan raid (924) Invasion of Iraq (928) Sack of Mecca (930) Invasions of Egypt (971) Overthrowing of the Qarmatians (1058–1077)
The Qarmatians (Arabic: قرامطة, romanized: Qarāmiṭa; Persian: قرمطیان, romanized: Qarmatiyān)[a] were a militant[8][9] Isma'ili Shia movement centred in al-Hasa in Eastern Arabia, where they established a religious—and, as some scholars have claimed, proto-socialist or utopian socialist[10][11][12]—state in 899 CE. Its members were part of a movement that adhered to a syncretic branch of Sevener Ismaili Shia Islam,[7] and were ruled by a dynasty founded by Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi, a Persian from Jannaba in coastal Fars.[13][14] They rejected the claim of Fatimid Caliph Abdallah al-Mahdi Billah to imamate and clung to their belief in the coming of the Mahdi, and they revolted against the Fatimid and Abbasid Caliphates.[15][7]
Mecca was sacked by a Qarmatian leader, Abu Tahir al-Jannabi,[16] outraging the Muslim world, particularly with their theft of the Black Stone and desecration of the Zamzam Well with corpses during the Hajj season of 930 CE.[17]
^Fahes, Fadi (2018). ASocial utopia in tenth century Islam the Qarmatian experiment. California State University, Dominguez Hills. p. 68.
^Fahes, Fadi (2018). ASocial utopia in tenth century Islam the Qarmatian experiment. California State University, Dominguez Hills. p. 68.
^Fahes, Fadi (2018). ASocial utopia in tenth century Islam the Qarmatian experiment. California State University, Dominguez Hills. p. 68.
^Goitein, S. D. (1967). A Mediterranean Society: The Jewish Communities of the Arab World as Portrayed in the Documents of the Cairo Geniza, Vol. V: The Individual. University of California Press. p. 403. ISBN 978-0-520-22162-8.
^Nadvi, Syed Habibul Haq (1982). The Dynamics of Islam: An Analysis of Islamic Dynamism which Has Been Operating in the Structure of Islamic Belief, Its Religio-political, Socio-economic Framework and Cultural Legacies. Acad.: The Centre for Islamic, Near and Middle Eastern Studies, Planning and Publ. p. 2. ISBN 978-0-620-05712-7.
^Rahman, Fazlur (2020). Islam. University of Chicago Press. p. 176. ISBN 9780226773377.
^Mumayiz, Ibrahim A. (2006). Arabesques: Selections of Biography and Poetry from Classical Arabic Literature. Coronet Books Incorporated. p. 39. ISBN 978-90-441-1888-9.
^Jr, Everett Jenkins (11 November 2010). The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 1, 570-1500): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-7864-4713-8.
^Clark, Malcolm (9 August 2019). Islam For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-119-64304-3.
^Thompson, Andrew David (31 October 2019). Christianity in Oman: Ibadism, Religious Freedom, and the Church. Springer Nature. p. 47. ISBN 978-3-030-30398-3.
^Corm, Georges (2020). Arab Political Thought: Past and Present. Oxford University Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-84904-816-3.
^Carra de Vaux & Hodgson 1965, p. 452.
^Madelung 1983.
^de Blois, François (1986). "THE 'ABU SAʿIDIS OR SO-CALLED "QARMATIANS" OF BAHRAYN". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies. 16: 13–21. ISSN 0308-8421. JSTOR 41223231.
^Mecca's History, from Encyclopædia Britannica.
^Cite error: The named reference Glasse was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).
923–944), the Qarmaṭians came close to capturing Baghdad in 927, and sacked Mecca in 930. In their attack on Islam's holiest sites, the Qarmatians desecrated...
The overthrow of the Qarmatians was an armed uprising by the Seljuk and Abbasid supported Uyunids against the ruling Qarmatian state. A local chief known...
The Qarmatian invasion of Iraq was a large-scale raid by the Qarmatians of Bahrayn against the Abbasid Caliphate's metropolitan region of Iraq, that began...
January 930, when the Qarmatians of Bahrayn sacked the Muslim holy city amidst the rituals of the Hajj pilgrimage. The Qarmatians, a radical Isma'ili sect...
seven-year war of attrition and a siege of the Qarmatian capital at Qatif. The final overthrow of the Qarmatians started with the revolt of Abu al-Bahlul al-Awwam...
imam. According to some early Isma'ilis, the Seveners, as well as the Qarmatians, a splinter group, the number of imams was fixed, with seven Imams preordained...
to lead the last Qarmatian attacks on the Abbasids in Iraq, before being defeated and captured early in the next year. The Qarmatians had more success...
Modern Arab World The Qarmatians were defeated in battle in 976 by the Abbasids, which precipitated the decline of the Qarmatian state. Around 1058, a...
10th century, the Isma'ili-Shi'ite Qarmatians were the most powerful force in the Persian Gulf. In 930, the Qarmatians pillaged Mecca, outraging the Muslim...
March 924, the Qarmatians of Bahrayn attacked and looted a caravan of Hajj pilgrims making their way back from Mecca to Iraq. The Qarmatians overcame the...
replaced by the Qarmatians who were adherents of Shia Islam. Due to their inability to control the vast amount of land they occupied, the Qarmatians withdrew...
invasion of Syria by the Qarmatians, an Isma'ili sect based in Bahrayn (Eastern Arabia). Frequently allied with the Bedouin, the Qarmatians raided the caravans...
the advent of Islam. Hamdan ibn al-Ash'ath (fl. 874 AD), the founder of Qarmatian Isma'ilism, was surnamed "Qarmat", an Aramaic word which probably meant...
heavily sacked by the Qarmatians. It is probable, though not historically confirmed, that Jeddah itself was attacked by Qarmatians.[citation needed] Soon...
Kalb to betray the Qarmatians and kill Nasr, thereby avoiding punitive action by the authorities. "The final retreat of the [Qarmatians]" from Syria after...
Dayaram Gidumal writes that a Balochi legend is backed up by the medieval Qarmatians. The fact that the Kalmatis were ethnic Baluchis is also confirmed by...
control of North Africa in the 10th century and another Isma'ili group, the Qarmatians, sacked Mecca and stole the Black Stone, a rock placed within the Kaaba...