Propionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.[3]
Its members are primarily facultative parasites and commensals of humans and other animals, living in and around the sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and other areas of the skin. They are virtually ubiquitous and do not cause problems for most people, but propionibacteria have been implicated in acne and other skin conditions.[4] One study found the Propionibacterium was the most prevalent human skin-associated genus of microorganisms.[5]
In ruminants, propionibacteria reduce nitrate to nontoxic nitrogen compounds.[6]
Members of the genus Propionibacterium are widely used in the production of vitamin B12, tetrapyrrole compounds, and propionic acid, as well as in the probiotics and cheese industries.[7]
The strain Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii is used in cheesemaking to create CO2 bubbles that become "eyes"—round holes in the cheese.[8]
^Orla-Jensen S. (1909). "Die Hauptlinien des natürlichen Bakteriensystems" [The main lineages of natural bacterial systems]. Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene, Abteilung II [Central Journal for Bacteriology, Parasite Science, Infectious Diseases and Hygiene, Section II]. 22: 305–346.
^Cite error: The named reference LPSN was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Cheung, Y.F., Fung, C., and Walsh, C. "Stereochemistry of propionyl-coenzyme A and pyruvate carboxylations catalyzed by transcarboxylase." 1975. Biochemistry 14(13), pg 2981.
^Bojar, R., and Holland, K. "Acne and propionibacterium acnes." 2004. Clinics in Dermatology 22(5), pg. 375-379.
^Rust, Susanne (4 February 2012). "UC Berkeley Bacteria Study: Research Shows Humans A Major Source Of Germs". Huffington Post. San Francisco. Retrieved 2012-04-06.
^Strickland,Gary; Richards, Chris; Zhang,Hailin; and Step, D.L (February 2017). "Nitrate Toxicity in Livestock". Oklahoma State University Extension Service. Retrieved 12 July 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Kiatpapan P., Murooka Y. Genetic manipulation system in propionibacteria. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 93 (1) (pp 1–8), 2002
Propionibacterium is a gram-positive, anaerobic, rod-shaped genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic...
Propionibacterium freudenreichii is a gram-positive, non-motile bacterium that plays an important role in the creation of Emmental cheese, and to some...
Propionibacterium acidifaciens is a Gram-positive, anaerobic and pleomorphic bacterium from the genus of Propionibacterium which has been isolated from...
genera (Propionibacterium and Labrys) showed a significant negative correlation with dandruff. Because Staphylococcus and Propionibacterium were the...
capacity. Biotechnological production of propionic acid mainly uses Propionibacterium strains. However, large scale production of propionic acid by Propionibacteria...
Propionibacterium namnetense is a Gram-positive, anaerobic, pleomorphic and rod-shaped bacterium from the genus Cutibacterium which has been isolated...
(Buchanan and Pine 1962) Pine and Georg 1969 (Approved Lists 1980), Propionibacterium propionicum corrig. (Buchanan and Pine 1962) Charfreitag et al. 1988...
Maldonado-Barragán, Antonio (1 September 2014). "Propionibacterium olivae sp. nov. and Propionibacterium damnosum sp. nov., isolated from spoiled packaged...
Propionibacterium acnes type zappae is a gram-positive, anaerobic, and endophytic bacterium species of Propionibacterium. In 2014, it was found in an interkingdom...
(typically accompanied with poor posture), and has been associated with a Propionibacterium acnes infection. Both the deformed anulus and the gel-like material...
Emmental: Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus helveticus, and Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Historically, the holes were a sign of imperfection...
"Propionic acid fermentation of glycerol and glucose by Propionibacterium acidipropionici and Propionibacterium freudenreichii ssp.shermanii". Applied Microbiology...
acid-containing coryneform bacteria from human skin: Description of Propionibacterium innocuum sp. nov". FEMS Microbiol Lett. 68 (3): 295–300. doi:10...
pathophysiology of seborrhoeic dermatitis. Several bacteria, including Propionibacterium species and Staphylococcus aureus, have been shown to have some level...
2007). "Expanding the microcomedone theory and acne therapeutics: Propionibacterium acnes biofilm produces biological glue that holds corneocytes together...
37.1.32. PMC 187600. PMID 8431015. "Antibiotic Susceptibility of Propionibacterium acnes". ScienceOfAcne.com. 11 June 2011. Archived from the original...
the fermentation of milk or sugar powders by the probiotic bacteria Propionibacterium freudenreichii and Lactococcus lactis, both of which are extensively...
characteristic holes or "eyes" are the result of the action of the bacteria Propionibacterium freudenreichii which naturally occurs in milk and is added back into...
steroids. The anaerobic bacterial species Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) contributes to the development of acne, but its exact role...
gerencseriae. Infection can also be caused by Streptomyces somaliensis and Propionibacterium propionicus. The condition is likely to be a polymicrobial anaerobic...
the presence of sodium nitrite and heat. Since multiple species of Propionibacterium produce no exotoxins or endotoxins and have been granted GRAS status...
Emmental cheese production, L. helveticus is used in conjunction with a Propionibacterium culture, which is responsible for developing the holes (known as "eyes")...
P, Zhou Z, Yuan Y, Jiao Y, Zheng Y (2016). "Overview: the role of Propionibacterium acnes in nonpyogenic intervertebral discs". Int Orthop (Review). 40...
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