Global InformationProgressive outer retinal necrosis information
| Progressive outer retinal necrosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Varicella zoster virus retinitis (VZVR),[1] |
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| The typical “cracked mud" appearance of the fundus in progressive outer retinal necrosis[2][3] | |
| Specialty | Ophthalmology, infectious diseases |
Progressive outer retinal necrosis (PORN) syndrome is a form of chorioretinitis, an infection in the retina, the back of the eye. The disease is most commonly caused by the varicella zoster virus and is found almost exclusively in patients with HIV/AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome). Progressive outer retinal necrosis is the second most common opportunistic retinal infection in North America among people with AIDS.[4] The reason this disease process is considered opportunistic is precisely because it only presents in patients with AIDS, a disease that attacks and weakens the immune system, making space for other infections, like Varicella zoster virus (VZV) and Herpes simplex virus (HSV), to attack the body.
The syndrome, PORN, falls under the umbrella of necrotizing herpetic retinopathy, along with Acute retinal necrosis. Although fairly similar processes, the two forms of retinopathy have different presenting symptoms. Acute Retinal Necrosis, or ARN, is damage more central in the retinal portion of the eye with dead or necrotic areas well defined. ARN also presents with inflammation within the eye and is often painful.[5] PORN is a chorioretinitis presenting with multiple lesions in the peripheral retina. Unlike ARN, this disease process has no signs of intraocular inflammation, the hallmark feature, or vascular involvement.[6][4]
- ^ Moorthy RS, Weinberg DV, Teich SA, Berger BB, Minturn JT, Kumar S, Rao NA, Fowell SM, Loose IA, Jampol LM (March 1997). "Management of varicella zoster virus retinitis in AIDS". Br J Ophthalmol. 81 (3): 189–94. doi:10.1136/bjo.81.3.189. PMC 1722141. PMID 9135381. Archived from the original on 2013-01-18.
- ^ Austin, RB (December 2000). "Progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome: a comprehensive review of its clinical presentation, relationship to immune system status, and management". Clinical Eye and Vision Care. 12 (3–4): 119–129. doi:10.1016/s0953-4431(00)00052-7. PMID 11137426.
- ^ Mehrotra, Navneet; Khandelwal, Jayesh; Nagpal, Manish (2020). "Surgical management of complications in a case of progressive outer retinal necrosis". Taiwan Journal of Ophthalmology. 10 (4): 312‑314. doi:10.4103/tjo.tjo_27_19. PMC 7787098. PMID 33437609. Archived from the original on 2023-03-07.
- ^ a b Austin, Robert B (2000-12-01). "Progressive outer retinal necrosis syndrome: a comprehensive review of its clinical presentation, relationship to immune system status, and management". Clinical Eye and Vision Care. 12 (3): 119–129. doi:10.1016/S0953-4431(00)00052-7. ISSN 0953-4431. PMID 11137426.
- ^ Ittner EA, Bhakhri R, Newman T. Necrotising herpetic retinopathies: a review and progressive outer retinal necrosis case report. Clin Exp Optom. 2016 Jan;99(1):24-9. doi: 10.1111/cxo.12284. Epub 2015 Jun 18. PMID 26084658
- ^ "Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. Retrieved 2020-12-13.