The profundal zone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration. This is typically below the thermocline, the vertical zone in the water through which temperature drops rapidly. The temperature difference may be large enough to hamper mixing with the littoral zone in some seasons which causes a decrease in oxygen concentrations.[1] The profundal is often defined, as the deepest, vegetation-free, and muddy zone of the lacustrine benthal.[2] The profundal zone is often part of the aphotic zone. Sediment in the profundal zone primarily comprises silt and mud.[1]
^ abDodds, Walter K. (Walter Kennedy), 1958- (15 February 2019). Freshwater ecology : concepts and environmental applications of limnology. Whiles, Matt R. (Third ed.). London, United Kingdom. ISBN 9780128132555. OCLC 1096190142.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Thienemann, August (1925). Die Binnengewässer Mitteleuropas. eine limnologiche Einführung [The Inland Waters of Central Europe: a Limnological Introduction]. Die Binnengewässer (in German). Vol. 1. Stuttgart: E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchandlung. OCLC 859570299.
The profundalzone is a deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond, located below the range of effective light penetration...
seabed and the benthos. The demersal zone is just above the benthic zone and forms a layer of the larger profundalzone.[citation needed] Being just above...
sea that is neither close to the surface nor to the sea floor Profundalzone – deep zone of an inland body of freestanding water, such as a lake or pond...
surface, and is increased with wave and wind action. Unlike the profundalzone, the limnetic zone is the layer that receives sufficient sunlight, allowing for...
Bottom trawling Deep sea Intertidal zone Lake stratification Littoral zone Neritic zone Photic zoneProfundalzone Sediment Profile Imagery Stream bed...
bottom regions not exposed to light, these systems have an additional zone, the profundal. These three areas can have very different abiotic conditions and...
this zone play a crucial role in the food web of the habitat and support the diet of many important organisms. The deepest zone is the profundalzone, with...
Demersal fish Intertidal ecology Littoral Neritic zone Nekton Plankton Pelagic zone Photic zoneProfundalzone Sediment Profile Imagery (SPI) Stream bed Benthos...
in relatively clean water. The larvae of several species inhabit the profundalzone where they can reach relatively high densities. They use a combination...
the family Chaoboridae. The older larvae are commonly found in the profundalzone of lakes during the day and in the open waters at night, suggesting...
on lake bodies as a physical shift in geographic location, with tropical zones being particularly sensitive. These changes can further alter the fish,...
derived from the associations of the fluvial-lacustrine, fluctuating profundal and evaporative facies. These are the 20 ancient lakes in the world that...
remain near profundal sediments during the day, migrate in swarms to the upper water column at twilight, then return to the profundalzone at dawn. Only...
three zones: the littoral zone, a sloped area close to land; the photic or open-water zone, where sunlight is abundant; and the deep-water profundal or benthic...
bottom regions not exposed to light, these systems have an additional zone, the profundal. These three areas can have very different abiotic conditions and...
alluvial fans, sandflats, swamps, back-swamp areas, and littoral to profundal lake zones. The fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Madygen Formation belong to...
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