Bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake
Lakes are stratified into three separate sections: I. The Epilimnion II. The Metalimnion III. The Hypolimnion The scales are used to associate each section of the stratification to their corresponding depths and temperatures. The arrow is used to show the movement of wind over the surface of the water which initiates the turnover in the epilimnion and the hypolimnion.
Lake zones
Littoral zone
Limnetic zone
Profundal zone
Benthic zone
Lake stratification
Epilimnion
Metalimnion
Hypolimnion
Destratification
Lake types
Holomictic lake
Monomictic lake
Dimictic lake
Polymictic lake
Meromictic lake
Amictic lake
See also
Aquatic ecosystems
Wild fisheries
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The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake.[1] The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek: λιμνίον, romanized: limníon, lit. 'lake'.[2] It is the layer that lies below the thermocline.
Typically the hypolimnion is the coldest layer of a lake in summer, and the warmest layer during winter.[1] In deep, temperate lakes, the bottom-most waters of the hypolimnion are typically close to 4 °C throughout the year. The hypolimnion may be much warmer in lakes at warmer latitudes. Being at depth, it is isolated from surface wind-mixing during summer,[3] and usually receives insufficient irradiance (light) for photosynthesis to occur.
^ abDodds, Walter K. (Walter Kennedy), 1958- (2010). Freshwater ecology : concepts and environmental applications of limnology. Whiles, Matt R. (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Academic Press. ISBN 978-0-12-374724-2. OCLC 784140625.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
^Sadchikov, A. P.; Ostroumov, S. A. (October 2019). "Epilimnion, Metalimnion, and Hypolimnion of a Mesotrophic Aquatic Ecosystem: Functional Role of the Vertical Structure of the Reservoir Ecosystem in Terms of Hydrochemical and Biological Parameters". Russian Journal of General Chemistry. 89 (13): 2860–2864. doi:10.1134/S107036321913019X. ISSN 1070-3632. S2CID 211138964.
^Weinke, Anthony D.; Biddanda, Bopaiah A. (2019-12-01). "Influence of episodic wind events on thermal stratification and bottom water hypoxia in a Great Lakes estuary". Journal of Great Lakes Research. 45 (6): 1103–1112. doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2019.09.025. ISSN 0380-1330. S2CID 209571196.
The hypolimnion or under lake is the dense, bottom layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. The word "hypolimnion" is derived from Ancient Greek:...
middle layer, whose depth may change throughout the day; and the colder hypolimnion, extending to the floor of the lake. Every lake has a set mixing regime...
water itself producing distant layers; the epilimnion, metalimnion, and hypolimnion. Each zone has varied traits that sustain or harm specific organisms...
warm surface waters (the epilimnion) and the colder bottom waters (the hypolimnion) prevents these lakes from mixing in summer. During winter, the surface...
forms a layer near the bottom, which is called the hypolimnion. Second, normally overlying the hypolimnion is a transition zone known as the metalimnion....
dense. As a result, the epilimnion sits above the deeper metalimnion and hypolimnion, which are colder and denser. Additionally, the epilimnion is typically...
epilimnion never gets cold enough to mix with the hypolimnion. The environment in the hypolimnion is noteworthy for its possible similarity to oceans...
surface waters (the epilimnion), from the colder bottom waters (the hypolimnion). In the spring and fall, these temperature differences briefly disappear...
subtype) that allows oxygen to be transported from the epilimnion to the hypolimnion. In this way, oligotrophic lakes can have significant oxygen down to...
caused by external causes, like an intrusion of saltwater settling in the hypolimnion, preventing it from mixing. The layers of sediment at the bottom of a...
stratified. The lowest zone in the lake is the coldest and is called the hypolimnion. The upper warm zone is called the epilimnion. Between these zones is...
thicknesses of the two layers separated by stratification (e.g. epilimnion and hypolimnion), ρ 1 , ρ 2 {\displaystyle \rho _{1},\rho _{2}} the densities of these...
well-oxygenated upper layer (epilimnion) and an anoxic lower layer (hypolimnion), without oxygen and often high concentrations of sulfide. Stratification...
driver for eutrophication in freshwater systems, were measured in the hypolimnion of the lake. Annual phosphorus inputs from aquaculture waste exceeded...
warm layer is called the epilimnion and the cold layer is called the hypolimnion. Because the warm water is exposed to the sun during the day, a stable...
thermal stratification. Although daily thermal stratification is brief, a hypolimnion can form during this time resulting in decreased amounts of dissolved...
sedimentation of primary producers can increase rates of respiration in the hypolimnion. If oxygen depletion becomes extreme, aerobic organisms (such as fish)...
sulfate salt is applied to substrate at the lake's bottom, within the hypolimnion. The alum then reduces phosphorus levels by inactivating the phosphorus...
cold water into the downstream river greatly reducing the size of any hypolimnion. This in turn can reduce the concentrations of phosphorus released during...
luxurious growth of phytoplankton. The lake is thus anoxic and has reduced hypolimnion, winter circulation, large phytoplankton and relatively lower animal...
column where water temperatures rapidly decrease. The bottom layer is the hypolimnion, which tends to have the coldest water because its depth restricts sunlight...
March to November. Maximum depth of the Thermocline is 9 metres (30 ft). Hypolimnion temperature ranges from 8.5 °C (47.3 °F) to 11 °C (52 °F). pH value varied...
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