Potential gradient information

chemistry , a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity...

electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two...

atmospheric electrical phenomena. Francis Ronalds began observing the potential gradient and air-earth currents around 1810, including making continuous automated...

vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere. This movement lowers the water potential in the leaf airspace and...

regions Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions Fluid dynamics and earth science Density gradient Pressure...

discharge occurs at locations where the strength of the electric field (potential gradient) around a conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air. It...

concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower. Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient - cations...

membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium...

positive sign in front of the gradient to define the potential. Because of this definition of P in terms of the gradient, the direction of F at any point...

electric field (potential gradient) at the surface of conductors exceeds a critical value, the dielectric strength or disruptive potential gradient of air. It...

ionic species is involved. The voltage gradient at which this equilibrium is reached is the equilibrium potential for the ion and it can be calculated from...

hazard to people or equipment. The change of voltage over distance (potential gradient) may be so high that a person could be injured due to the voltage...

volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent...

is powered by a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, usually in the form of a proton gradient. In all living organisms, a series of redox reactions...

the gradient of a certain scalar function, called a scalar potential. The potential energy is related to, and can be obtained from, this potential function...

transmembrane potential. When the channels open, they allow an inward flow of sodium ions, which changes the electrochemical gradient, which in turn...

transference number. Ionic transport is also controlled by the electrical potential gradient across the cell. Temperature dependence of electrolyte impacts performance...

at several kilovolts negative potential relative to a nearby electrode, so that there is sufficient potential gradient at the emitter surface to cause...

in space. The gradient of the scalar potential (and hence also its opposite, as in the case of a vector field with an associated potential field) is everywhere...

The gradient theorem, also known as the fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals, says that a line integral through a gradient field can be evaluated...

concentration gradients of the charges directly determine this energy requirement. For the exterior of the cell, typical values of membrane potential, normally...

A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. The redox ladder displays the order in which...

medium, and E = −dΦ/dx (Φ potential difference) is the electric field as the potential gradient of the electric potential. According to the Einstein...

vector potential is a vector field whose curl is a given vector field. This is analogous to a scalar potential, which is a scalar field whose gradient is...

vector calculus, a conservative vector field is a vector field that is the gradient of some function. A conservative vector field has the property that its...

(non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis. Robin Hill discovered the reaction in 1937...

the flow. Potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function: the velocity potential. As a result, a potential flow is characterized...

effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Flow of protons down this potential gradient – that is...