Coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity
Plurinationality, plurinational, or plurinationalism is defined as the coexistence of two or more sealed or preserved national groups within a polity[1] (an organized community or body of peoples[2]). In plurinationalism, the idea of nationality is plural, meaning there are many nationals within an organized community or body of peoples. Derived from this concept, a plurinational state is the existence of multiple political communities and constitutional asymmetry. The usage of plurinationality assists in avoiding the division of societies within a state or country. Furthermore, a plurinational democracy recognizes the multiple demoi (common people or populace)[3] within a polity.[1] Reportedly the term has its origin in the Indigenous political movement in Bolivia where it was first heard of in the early 1980s.[4] As of 2022 Bolivia and Ecuador are constitutionally defined as plurinational states.[5]
Plurinational states are similar to multinational states, but are particularly often advocated for by indigenous peoples.[6]
^ abKeating, Michael. Plurinational Democracy in a Post-Sovereign Order Archived 2015-09-24 at the Wayback Machine, Queen's Papers on Europeanisation No 1/2002
^polity, dictionary.reference.com
^demos, thefreedictionary.com
^Burns, Nick (2022-08-29). "Chile Could Become "Plurinational." What Does That Mean?". Americas Quarterly. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
^Lankes, Ana (2022-09-02). "The Contentious Vote in Chile That Could Transform Indigenous Rights". The New York Times. Retrieved 2022-09-24.
^Tremblay, Arjun; Gagnon, Alain-G. (2023-01-03). "Multinational, multicultural, intercultural, and plurinational federalism". Teaching Federalism. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 141–153. doi:10.4337/9781800885325.00021. ISBN 978-1-80088-532-5.
indigenous peoples. In Chile constitutional plurinationalism has been a topic of debate. Plurinationalism was not a concept in the constitutional reforms...
Bolivia, officially the Plurinational State of Bolivia, is a landlocked country located in western-central South America. It is bordered by Brazil to...
The Plurinational Constitutional Tribunal (Spanish: Tribunal Constitucional Plurinacional) is a national court in Bolivia charged with adjudicating the...
The Plurinational Association of Tawantinsuyo Reservists (ASPRET) is an ethnonationalist paramilitary group, active in the VRAEM conflict zone in Peru...
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Cameron, John (2014). "Indigenous Autonomy and the Contradictions of Plurinationalism in Bolivia". Latin American Politics and Society. 56 (3): 46–69. doi:10...
Liberal Nationalism (book) Nation-building Postcolonial anarchism Plurinationalism State nationalism, a form of civic nationalism, but can support politically...
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theories Civic nationalism Social cohesion Nativism Multiculturalism Plurinationalism Ethnocentricism Opposition and reform Criticism of multiculturalism...
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Americas 11 November 1903 6 Aug 1825 6 Aug 1825 Spain 2009–present: Plurinational State of Bolivia 1839–2009: Republic of Bolivia 1836–1839: In union...
theories Civic nationalism Social cohesion Nativism Multiculturalism Plurinationalism Ethnocentricism Opposition and reform Criticism of multiculturalism...
Bhutan UN member BT BTN 064 ISO 3166-2:BT .bt Bolivia (Plurinational State of) The Plurinational State of Bolivia UN member BO BOL 068 ISO 3166-2:BO .bo...
Ramos, announced the introduction of the new family of banknotes of the Plurinational State of Bolivia, started with the 10 Bs note, and then gradually arrived...
communities as "nations", not just "nationalities", and Spain as a "plurinational state" or a "nation of nations", and they have made demands for further...
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