Hindutva information

Hindutva (Hindi pronunciation: [hɪnˈdʊtvə] lit. 'Hindu-ness') is a political ideology encompassing the cultural justification of Hindu nationalism and the belief in establishing Hindu hegemony within India.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] The political ideology was formulated by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1922.^[5]^[6] It is used by the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), the Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP), the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)^[7]^[8] and other organisations, collectively called the Sangh Parivar.

Inspired by European fascism,^[9]^[10] the Hindutva movement has been described as a variant of right-wing extremism,^[11] and as "almost fascist in the classical sense", adhering to a concept of homogenised majority and cultural hegemony.^[12]^[13] Some have also described Hindutva as a separatist ideology.^[14]^[15] Some analysts dispute the identification of Hindutva with fascism, and suggest Hindutva is an extreme form of conservatism or "ethnic absolutism".^[16]

^ Cite error: The named reference BrownMcLean2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Haokip, Jangkholam (2014). Can God Save My Village?: A Theological Study of Identity among the Tribal People of North-East India with a Special Reference to the Kukis of Manipur. Langham Monographs. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-78368-981-1. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Hindutva is a political ideology that does not necessarily represent the view of the majority of Hindus in India.
^ Cite error: The named reference GregoryJohnston2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Cite error: The named reference OED-online-hindutva was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Ross, M.H. (2012). Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies: Contestation and Symbolic Landscapes. Book collections on Project MUSE. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8122-0350-9.
^ Sweetman, W.; Malik, A. (2016). Hinduism in India: Modern and Contemporary Movements. SAGE Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 978-93-5150-231-9.
^ "The Hindutva road". Frontline. 4 December 2004.
^ Krishna 2011, p. 324.
^ Patricia M. Sant (1999). Indigeneity: Construction and Re/presentation. Nova Science Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-56072-674-6. Hindutva , especially in their early stages , exemplify a process of ideological borrowing from both European fascism and a fabrication of " Vedic Hinduism " that defies the binarism of local/global.
^ Chaitanya Krishna, A. G. Noorani (2003). Fascism in India: Faces, Fangs, and Facts. Manak Publications. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-7827-067-8. the archival evidence presented by Marzia Casolari conclusively shows how much the proponents of Hindutva admired European fascism ; liberally borrowed from it and this influence continues even today.
^ Leidig, Eviane (17 July 2020). "Hindutva as a variant of right-wing extremism". Patterns of Prejudice. 54 (3): 215–237. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2020.1759861. hdl:10852/84144. ISSN 0031-322X.
^ Cite error: The named reference j3517631 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Frykenberg 2008, pp. 178–220: "This essay attempts to show how — from an analytical or from an historical perspective — Hindutva is a melding of Hindu fascism and Hindu fundamentalism."
^ Anthony Parel (2000). Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-rule. Lexington Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7391-0137-7. The agendas of Hindutva though strong on the issues of self - identity and self - definition, have tended to be separatist.
^ Siddharth Varadarajan (2002). Gujarat, the Making of a Tragedy. Penguin Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-14-302901-4.
^ Cite error: The named reference Bhatt & Mukta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[BrownMcLean2018-1] Cite error: The named reference BrownMcLean2018 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Haokip-2] Haokip, Jangkholam (2014). Can God Save My Village?: A Theological Study of Identity among the Tribal People of North-East India with a Special Reference to the Kukis of Manipur. Langham Monographs. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-78368-981-1. Retrieved 3 May 2023. Hindutva is a political ideology that does not necessarily represent the view of the majority of Hindus in India.

[GregoryJohnston2011-3] Cite error: The named reference GregoryJohnston2011 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[OED-online-hindutva-4] Cite error: The named reference OED-online-hindutva was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[Ross_2012-5] Ross, M.H. (2012). Culture and Belonging in Divided Societies: Contestation and Symbolic Landscapes. Book collections on Project MUSE. University of Pennsylvania Press, Incorporated. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-8122-0350-9.

[Sweetman_Malik-6] Sweetman, W.; Malik, A. (2016). Hinduism in India: Modern and Contemporary Movements. SAGE Publishing. p. 109. ISBN 978-93-5150-231-9.

[The_Hindutva_Road-7] "The Hindutva road". Frontline. 4 December 2004.

[FOOTNOTEKrishna2011324-8] Krishna 2011, p. 324.

[Brown_Sant-9] Patricia M. Sant (1999). Indigeneity: Construction and Re/presentation. Nova Science Publishers. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-56072-674-6. Hindutva , especially in their early stages , exemplify a process of ideological borrowing from both European fascism and a fabrication of " Vedic Hinduism " that defies the binarism of local/global.

[Krishna_Noorani-10] Chaitanya Krishna, A. G. Noorani (2003). Fascism in India: Faces, Fangs, and Facts. Manak Publications. p. 4. ISBN 978-81-7827-067-8. the archival evidence presented by Marzia Casolari conclusively shows how much the proponents of Hindutva admired European fascism ; liberally borrowed from it and this influence continues even today.

[Leidig-11] Leidig, Eviane (17 July 2020). "Hindutva as a variant of right-wing extremism". Patterns of Prejudice. 54 (3): 215–237. doi:10.1080/0031322X.2020.1759861. hdl:10852/84144. ISSN 0031-322X.

[j3517631-12] Cite error: The named reference j3517631 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[13] Frykenberg 2008, pp. 178–220: "This essay attempts to show how — from an analytical or from an historical perspective — Hindutva is a melding of Hindu fascism and Hindu fundamentalism."

[Parel-14] Anthony Parel (2000). Gandhi, Freedom, and Self-rule. Lexington Books. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-7391-0137-7. The agendas of Hindutva though strong on the issues of self - identity and self - definition, have tended to be separatist.

[Varadarajan-15] Siddharth Varadarajan (2002). Gujarat, the Making of a Tragedy. Penguin Books. p. 20. ISBN 978-0-14-302901-4.

[Bhatt_&_Mukta-16] Cite error: The named reference Bhatt & Mukta was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

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