Breinox, Dinagen, Lucetam, Nootropil, Nootropyl, Oikamid, Piracetam and many others
AHFS/Drugs.com
International Drug Names
Routes of administration
By mouth, parenteral, or vaporized
ATC code
N06BX03 (WHO)
Legal status
Legal status
AU: S4 (Prescription only)
CA: Unscheduled
UK: POM (Prescription only)
US: Unapproved "New Drug" (as defined by 21 U.S. Code § 321(p)(1)). Use in dietary supplements, food, or medicine is unlawful; otherwise uncontrolled.[1])
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability
~100%
Onset of action
Swiftly following administration. Food delays time to peak concentration by 1.5 h approximately to 2–3 h since dosing.[2]
Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness for dementia.[3][4][5] Piracetam is sold as a medication in many European countries. Sale of piracetam is not illegal in the United States, although it is not regulated nor approved by the FDA, so it is legally sold for research use only.[6]
Piracetam is in the racetams group, with chemical name 2-oxo-1-pyrrolidine acetamide. It is a cyclic derivative of the neurotransmitter GABA[4] and shares the same 2-oxo-pyrrolidone base structure with pyroglutamic acid. Related drugs include the anticonvulsants levetiracetam and brivaracetam, and the putative nootropics aniracetam and phenylpiracetam.
^"Piracetam". DrugBank database.
^Leaflet of Piracetam.
^Cite error: The named reference (eMC) 2017 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abCite error: The named reference Winblad2005 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^Flicker L, Grimley Evans G (2001). "Piracetam for dementia or cognitive impairment". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD001011. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001011. PMID 11405971.
^Cohen PA, Zakharevich I, Gerona R (March 2020). "Presence of Piracetam in Cognitive Enhancement Dietary Supplements". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (3): 458–459. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.5507. PMC 6902196. PMID 31764936.
Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness...
for many nootropic compounds. Racetams, piracetam and other compounds that are structurally related to piracetam, have few serious adverse effects and low...
are a class of drugs that share a pyrrolidone nucleus. Some, such as piracetam, aniracetam, oxiracetam, pramiracetam and phenylpiracetam are considered...
Phenotropil Фенотропил, Carphedon), is a phenylated analog of the drug piracetam. It was developed in 1983 as a medication for Soviet Cosmonauts to treat...
All piracetam derivatives are not permitted to be sold as dietary supplements in the United States. However, because they lack scheduling, piracetam derivatives...
effects in animal studies and with significantly higher potency than piracetam. Sunifiram is a molecular simplification of unifiram (DM-232). Another...
studied in different combinations include clonazepam, sodium valproate, piracetam, and primidone. Hormonal therapy may improve responses to antimyoclonic...
had tobacco industry affiliations, often undisclosed. Racetams, such as piracetam, oxiracetam, phenylpiracetam, and aniracetam, are often marketed as cognitive...
and bepridil. It also forms the basis for the racetam compounds (e.g. piracetam, aniracetam). The amino acids proline and hydroxyproline are, in a structural...
appear to reduce or halt the production of lipofuscin. The nootropic drug piracetam appears to significantly reduce accumulation of lipofuscin in the brain...
Retrieved 9 April 2013. Malykh, Andrei G.; Sadaie, M. Reza (2010). "Piracetam and Piracetam-Like Drugs". Drugs. 70 (3): 287–312. doi:10.2165/11319230-000000000-00000...
enantiomeric form is levetiracetam, now marketed as an antiepileptic drug. Piracetam Sara SJ (1980). "Memory retrieval deficits: alleviation by etiracetam...
Methylphenylpiracetam is a derivative of piracetam and a positive allosteric modulator of the sigma-1 receptor. It differs from phenylpiracetam by having...
in 2008. As of 2023[update], human trials have not yet been conducted. Piracetam Aniracetam Racetam Takeo S, Hayashi H, Miyake K, Takagi K, Tadokoro M...
word-finding difficulties, as they may occur in some patients, may respond to piracetam. Topiramate has been associated with a statistically significant increase...
supplement. There are also nootropic drugs such as the common racetams, e.g. piracetam (Nootropil) and omberacetam (Noopept) along with the neuroprotective Semax...
phenibut, and racetams for use in the United States. Racetam drugs include piracetam, aniracetam, and coluracetam, and phenylpiracetam." Certain products,...
Global Information
