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Main articles: Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Pioneer Venus Multiprobe
Arrival of the Pioneer Venus spacecraft at Venus
The Pioneer Venus project was part of the Pioneer program consisting of two spacecraft, the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and the Pioneer Venus Multiprobe, launched to Venus in 1978.[1] The program was managed by NASA's Ames Research Center.
The Pioneer Venus Orbiter entered orbit around Venus on December 4, 1978, and performed observations to characterize the atmosphere and surface of Venus.[2] It continued to transmit data until October 1992.[1][3]
The Pioneer Venus Multiprobe deployed four small probes into the Venusian atmosphere on December 9, 1978.[1][3] All four probes transmitted data throughout their descent to the surface.[4] One probe survived the landing and transmitted data from the surface for over an hour.
^ abc"The Pioneer Venus Project". NASA. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
^"Pioneer Venus 1". NASA Solar System Exploration. Retrieved March 26, 2023.
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